Fungi, Protists , Monera

1. Fungi, Protists, Monera The Last Three Kingdoms

2. Fungi Are they helpful or harmful?

3. Name: Kingdom Fungi 
Type of organism: Fungi including mushrooms, toadstools and yeasts
Numbers of species: About 70,000
Where they are found: Almost everywhere - in the sea, in freshwater, and on land • Description: Fungi can be single celled organisms like yeasts, or multicellular (many celled), like toadstools mushrooms and moulds. Although they often look like plants, fungi do not produce their own food as plants do. Instead they live off dead or decaying plant or animal material. • Need to know: Fungi can be very useful - penicillin is made from moulds, yeast is used in baking and brewing, and we eat mushrooms on toast for breakfast!

4. Traits of Fungi • They are either: • Saprobes – feed on material from previously living things (shoes, dead trees, dead animals etc.) or • Parasites – which eat or derive there energy from living things. .

5. Traits of Fungi • Most are multicellular • Some like yeasts are unicellular

6. Examples of Fungi • Bread Mold

7. Examples of Fungus • Moldy Fruit

8. Examples of Fungus • Tree Fungus

9. Kinds of Fungi • Sporangia-produce spores at the end of treelike structures called hyphae. (ex. Hyphae)

10. Kinds of Fungi • Club Fungi - have hyphae that form branches underground. They have club shaped parts that produce spores.

11. Kinds of Fungi • Sac Fungi – produce spores in sac-like structures.

12. Helpful Fungi • Food – mushrooms • Used to make cheese – Blue Cheese • Used to make wine, beer, and whiskey (Yeast) • Used to make bread rise • Used to make soy sauce from soy beans • Used to break down materials and recycle wastes and dead organisms • Used to make certain drugs (ex. Penicillin)

13. Mushrooms

14. Blue Cheese

15. Soy Sauce

16. Decaying Tree

17. Penicillin

18. Harmful Fungus • Cause food spoilage • Cause plant disease such as rusts, Dutch Elm Disease, and mildew • Cause Human diseases such as Ring Worm, Athlete’s Foot, Thrush, lung Infections, and Yeast Infections • Destroy leather, fabrics, plastics, etc.

19. Food Spoilage

20. Dutch Elm Disease

21. Kingdom Protista

22. Name: Kingdom ProtoctistaType of organism:Protists including single celled algae, slime moulds and amoeba 
Numbers of species: Tens of thousands - but probably many more
Where they are found: Almost everywhere - in the sea, in freshwater, and on land • Description:Protists are single celled organisms, and like animal and plant cells they have a nucleus. There are many different types of protists - some that act like plants and make their own food, and some that are more like animal or fungal cells. • Need to know: Some protists cause disease. One protist, called Plasmodium, causes Malaria - a disease that causes thousands of deaths each year.

23. If you look at a drop of pond water under a microscope, all the "little creatures" you see swimming around areprotists.

24. All protists have a nucleus and are thereforeeukaryotic. • Protists are either plant-like, animal-like or fungus-like.

26. Name: Kingdom MoneraType of organism: Bacteria
Numbers of species: We cannot begin to estimate
Where they are found: Everywhere - all imaginable habitats • Description: Bacteria are single celled organisms. Their cells have no nucleus. It is this characteristic that makes them different from any other form of life. They can be rod shaped, spiral shaped or round, with hairs (cilia) or tails (flagella) that let them move around. They reproduce by dividing - populations of bacteria can grow very quickly. • Need to know: Bacteria can live everywhere - deep in the ocean in complete darkness, in acid pools, in alkali lakes and even deep within the Earth's crust where no other life exists.

27. Introduction to Bacteria • 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: • Bacteria • -Get food from an outside source • Blue-green Bacteria • -Make their own food

28. BACTERIA • Bacteria -small one celled monerans • Bacteria like a warm, dark, and moist environment They are found almost everywhere: • -water -air • -soil -food • -skin -inside the body • -on most objects

29. 3 Shapes of Bacteria Bacteria are classified by shape into 3 groups: Spiral: spirilla rod-shaped:bacilli, bacillus Round: cocci

30. Bacillus anthracis – (bacillus) Neisseria meningitidis (coccus) Leptospira interrogans – (spirilla) 3 Shapes of Bacteria

31. Bacteria—Good or Bad? • Well, both actually! • Some are parasites that live in the bodies of other organisms and cause diseases. In humans, food poisoning and diseases such as strep throat, tonsillitis, and tuberculosis are caused by bacteria. • However, bacteria can be helpful in decomposing material and returning it to the soil. Bacteria are also used to treat sewage. • Other forms of bacteria are used in making dairy products such as cheese, yogurt, and sour cream.

32. Harmful Bacteria • some bacteria cause diseases • Animals can pass diseases to humans • Communicable Disease – • Disease passed from one organism to another • This can happen in several ways: • Air • Touching clothing, food, silverware, or toothbrush • Drinking water that contains bacteria

33. Harmful Bacteria Human tooth with accumulation of bacterial plaque (smooth areas) and calcified tartar (rough areas)

34. Helpful Bacteria E.coli on small intestines

35. Helpful Bacteria • Used to treat sewage • Organic waste is consumed by the bacteria, used as nutrients by the bacteria, and is no longer present to produce odors, sludge, pollution, or unsightly mess. • foods like yogurt, cottage & Swiss cheese, sour cream, buttermilk are made from bacteria that grows in milk

36. Helpful Bacteria • Decomposers help recycle nutrients into the soil for other organisms to grow • Bacteria grow in the stomach of a cow to break down grass and hay • Most are sued to make antibiotics • Some bacteria help make insulin • Used to make industrial chemicals

37. Controlling Bacteria 3 ways to control bacteria: 1) Canning-the process of sealing food in airtight cans or jars after killing bacteria • endospores are killed during this process 2) Pasteurization-process of heating milk to kill harmful bacteria 3) Dehydration-removing water from food • Bacteria can’t grow when H2O is removed • example: uncooked noodles & cold cereal

38. Controlling Bacteria Antiseptic vs. Disinfectants Antiseptic- chemicals that kill bacteria on living things • means – “against infection” Examples: iodine, hydrogen peroxide, alcohol, soap, mouthwash Disinfectants- stronger chemicals that destroy bacteria on objects or nonliving things

39. Bacteria (Monera) • Protists http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078600472/student_view0/brainpop_movies.html#