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Protists & Fungi. Single or many celled Live in moist or wet surroundings Eukaryotic Plant-like, animal-like, or fungus-like Reproduce asexually or sexually Important food source for other organisms. Kingdom Protista – Characteristics. Known as Algae Single or many celled
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Single or many celled Live in moist or wet surroundings Eukaryotic Plant-like, animal-like, or fungus-like Reproduce asexually or sexually Important food source for other organisms Kingdom Protista – Characteristics
Known as Algae Single or many celled Contain chlorophyll Make their own food (like plants) Many have cell walls Used in pudding, ice cream, salad dressing, cheese spreads, mayonnaise, and toothpaste Red Tide Plant-Like Protists
Animal-Like Protists • Known as Protozoa • Single celled • No cell wall • Classified by how they move • Cilia (Ciliates) • Flagella (Flagellates) • Psuedopod (Amoeba) • Specialized vacuoles for digesting food
Important source of food Sporozoans are parasites Malaria carried by Anopheles Mosquito African Sleeping Sickness Animal-like Protists
To Review • The protozoa that move with tiny threadlike structures • Amoeba • Ciliate • Flagellates • Sporozoans
To Review • The protozoa that move with flagella. • Amoeba • Ciliate • Flagellates • Sporozoans
To Review • The protozoa that move with a pseudopod • Amoeba • Ciliate • Flagellates • Sporozoans
Fungus-Like Protists • 1. Slime Molds • Move by pseudopods (like amoebas) in part of life cycle • Reproduce with spores (like fungi) • Live on decaying logs or dead leaves in moist, shady woods • Brightly colored • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GScyw3ammmk
2. Water Molds and Downy Mildews Live in water or moist places Fuzzy white growths Reproductive cells (spores) with flagella Grows as a mass over an organism, digests it, and absorbs nutrients (decomposes) Many are parasites Fungus-Like Protists
Help break down dead organisms Can cause disease in aquatic organisms Infect crops Downy mildews: Irish potato famine (1840s) Fungus-Like Protists
Kingdom Fungi Overview • Molds, mildews, rusts, smuts, yeasts, and mushrooms • Saprophytic or parasitic • Importance to humans: • Yeasts are useful in the making of bread and fermented drinks. • Some parasitic fungi are actually human pathogens, causing athlete’s foot and ringworm • Nature’s recyclers
Do not make own food No leaves or roots Many cells Hyphae – threadlike mass of tubes that make up the body of a fungus Secretes enzymes to digest food Characteristics
Most feed on dead tissues (saprophytic) Live in warm, humid areas Spores = reproductive cells that form new organisms without fertilization Classified by their reproductive structure Characteristics
1. Basidiomycota Basidium is where spores are produced In gills of mushroom Importance: Rusts and smuts destroy crops Cultivated mushrooms for eating NEVER EAT A WILD MUSHROOM Club Fungi
2. Ascomycota Morels, yeasts, molds, truffles Spores produced in an ascus Ascospores are released when the tip of an ascus breaks open Can destroy plant crops Dutch Elm disease Apple Scab Ergot Disease of Rye Sac Fungi
Sac Fungi • Yeast (single celled) • Can reproduce by budding • Asexual reproduction • New organism grows off of parent • Used in baking • Use sugar to produce alcohol and CO2 • CO2 causes bread to rise
3. Zygomycota Fuzzy black mold on bread, fruit Produce spores in round spore cases called sporangia on tips of hyphae Releases 100s of spores into the air Will grow into mold if it lands where there is enough moisture Zygote Fungi
Imperfect Fungi • 4. Deuteromycota • Sexual stage has never been observed • When it is observed they are immediately put into one of the three groups • Penicillium = penicillin (antibiotic) • Ringworm • Athlete’s Foot
Made of fungus and green alga or a cyanobacterium Symbiotic relationship (both benefit) Alga get moist, protected living space; fungus gets food Lichens
Importance: Food source for animals Release acids that aid in erosion & soil is formed Used to monitor pollution levels Increase in lichens = no pollution Decrease in lichens = increase in pollution Lichens
To Review • Thread-like tubes that make up the body of a fungus • Spores • Hyphae • Roots • Leaves • Scaffolding
To Review • The club fungi have their spores • In an Ascus • In a basidum • In sporangia on tips of hyphae • In a bud • We have never observed their sexual stage
To Review • The sac fungi have their spores • In an Ascus • In a basidum • In sporangia on tips of hyphae • In a bud • We have never observed their sexual stage
To Review • The zygote fungi have their spores • In an ascus • In a basidum • In sporangia on tips of hyphae • In a bud • We have never observed their sexual stage
To Review • The imperfect fungi have their spores • In an ascus • In a basidum • In sporangia on tips of hyphae • In a bud • We have never observed their sexual stage
