ARCHEOGUIDE Augmented Reality-based Cultural Heritage On-site Guide

1. Archeoguide Kick-off Meeting Olympia 24-25 January, 2000 ARCHEOGUIDEAugmented Reality-based Cultural Heritage On-site Guide Kick-off meeting

2. Archeoguide Kick-off Meeting Olympia 24-25 January, 2000 ARCHEOGUIDEAugmented Reality-based Cultural Heritage On-site Guide Wireless LAN Technologies

3. Wireless LAN Technologies Narrowband Technology Different users use separate narrow radio frequencies Drawback: Requires FCC license for each site where it is employed. Infrared Technology Uses very high frequencies, it is either directed (line-of-sight) or diffuse technology. It cannot penetrate opaque objects. Inexpensive systems very limited range (3ft), high performance impractical for mobile users. Spread Spectrum Technology. Wideband radio frequency. Used by the most wireless LANs. A wireless local area network (LAN) is a flexible data communications system implemented as an extension to, or as an alternative for, a wired LAN. Using radio frequency (RF) technology, wireless LANs transmit and receive data over the air, minimizing the need for wired connections. Thus, wireless LANs combine data connectivity with user mobility. ystem transmits and receives user information on a specific radio frequency. spread spectrum: A radio transmission technology that "spreads" the user information over a much wider bandwidth than otherwise required in order to gain benefits such as improved interference tolerance and unlicensed operation.A wireless local area network (LAN) is a flexible data communications system implemented as an extension to, or as an alternative for, a wired LAN. Using radio frequency (RF) technology, wireless LANs transmit and receive data over the air, minimizing the need for wired connections. Thus, wireless LANs combine data connectivity with user mobility. ystem transmits and receives user information on a specific radio frequency. spread spectrum: A radio transmission technology that "spreads" the user information over a much wider bandwidth than otherwise required in order to gain benefits such as improved interference tolerance and unlicensed operation.

4. Standards (1) European ETSI standard ETS 300652 HIPERLAN1-Wireless Ethernet Maximum User Data Rate over 18 Mbps, 35-50 meter range in typical indoor environments, operating at 5GHz ETSI (BROADBAND RADIO ACCESS NETWORKS) BRAN Task Force: HIPERLAN2-Wireless ATM -25Mbps WLAN operating at 5GHz, short range- up to 200m Quality of Service provision HIPERACCESS-Wireless Local Loop(WLL)-25Mbps Long range, up to 5km Fixed radio connections for accesssing, customer premises, homes or business plants HIPERLINK-Wireless Point-to-Point-155Mbps Point to point technology for bridging separate LAN networks in campuses, between plants, etc Interconnects HIPERACCESS&HIPERLAN Wireless LAN Technology IEEE 802.11: A wireless LAN standard developed by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering) committee in order to specify an "over the air" interface between a wireless client and a base station or Access Point, as well as among wireless clients. First conceived back in 1990, the standard has evolved from various draft versions (Drafts 1 through 6), with approval of the final draft on June 26, 1997 10 Mbps using 2.4GHz band 20Mbps uning 5Ghz band The OpenAir™ Standard: As an alternative to the 802.11 standard, a multi-vendor forum has been established to specifically address the issues of wireless LAN interoperability. The Wireless LAN Interoperability Forum (WLI Forum) was created in 1996 to allow vendors of wireless LAN products to work together to specify an interoperable standard, and provide test suites to prove interoperability. Vendors who participate in the WLI Forum have designed their products to conform to a specification referred to as OpenAir. This specification describes the physical (PHY) and Media Access Control (MAC) layer Radio Frequency (RF) interfaces. OpenAir products are based on a Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) radio that operates in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band (WLI Forum) (www.wlif.com) Wireless LAN Technology IEEE 802.11: A wireless LAN standard developed by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering) committee in order to specify an "over the air" interface between a wireless client and a base station or Access Point, as well as among wireless clients. First conceived back in 1990, the standard has evolved from various draft versions (Drafts 1 through 6), with approval of the final draft on June 26, 1997 10 Mbps using 2.4GHz band 20Mbps uning 5Ghz band The OpenAir™ Standard: As an alternative to the 802.11 standard, a multi-vendor forum has been established to specifically address the issues of wireless LAN interoperability. The Wireless LAN Interoperability Forum (WLI Forum) was created in 1996 to allow vendors of wireless LAN products to work together to specify an interoperable standard, and provide test suites to prove interoperability. Vendors who participate in the WLI Forum have designed their products to conform to a specification referred to as OpenAir. This specification describes the physical (PHY) and Media Access Control (MAC) layer Radio Frequency (RF) interfaces. OpenAir products are based on a Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) radio that operates in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band (WLI Forum) (www.wlif.com)

5. Standards (2) IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN Currently Mbps and 2 Mbps data rate for 2.4GHz 10 Mbps using 2.4GHz band 20Mbps uning 5Ghz band The OpenAir™ Standard by Wireless LAN Interoperability Forum (WLI Forum) wireless LAN interoperability operates in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz Industrial The IEEE 802.11 specification is a wireless LAN standard developed by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering) committee in order to specify an "over the air" interface between a wireless client and a base station or Access Point, as well as among wireless clients. First conceived back in 1990, the standard has evolved from various draft versions (Drafts 1through 6), with approval of the final draft on June 26, 1997. With the ratification of 802.11 standard for IR, FHSS and DHSS at 2.4 GHz, the 802.11 committee has moved on to focus on higher speed PHYs beyond the 2 Mbps data rate. Further information about current IEEE 802.11 activities can be obtained through IEEE’s web site at http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/11 The IEEE 802.11 specification is a wireless LAN standard developed by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering) committee in order to specify an "over the air" interface between a wireless client and a base station or Access Point, as well as among wireless clients. First conceived back in 1990, the standard has evolved from various draft versions (Drafts 1through 6), with approval of the final draft on June 26, 1997. With the ratification of 802.11 standard for IR, FHSS and DHSS at 2.4 GHz, the 802.11 committee has moved on to focus on higher speed PHYs beyond the 2 Mbps data rate. Further information about current IEEE 802.11 activities can be obtained through IEEE’s web site at http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/11

6. Wireless LAN Configurations (1) Peer-to-Peer Network A wireless LAN transceiver that connects the wired LAN with wireless client. Wireless LANs can be simple or complex. At its most basic, two PCs equipped with wireless adapter cards can set up an independent network whenever they are within range of one another. This is called a peer-to-peer network. On-demand networks such as in this example require no administration or preconfiguration. In this case each client would only have access to the resources of the other client and not to a central server. Access Point Installing an access point can extend the range of an ad hoc network, effectively doubling the range at which the devices can communicate. Since the access point is connected to the wired network each client would have access to server resources as well as to other clients. Each access point can accommodate many clients; the specific number depends on the number and nature of the transmissions involved. Many real-world applications exist where a single access point services from 15-50 client devices. Access points have a finite range, on the order of 500 feet indoor and 1000 feet outdoors. In a very large facility such as a warehouse, or on a college campus it will probably be necessary to install more than one access point. Access point positioning is accomplished by means of a site survey. The goal is to blanket the coverage area with overlapping coverage cells so that clients might range throughout the area without ever losing network contact. Peer-to-Peer Network A wireless LAN transceiver that connects the wired LAN with wireless client. Wireless LANs can be simple or complex. At its most basic, two PCs equipped with wireless adapter cards can set up an independent network whenever they are within range of one another. This is called a peer-to-peer network. On-demand networks such as in this example require no administration or preconfiguration. In this case each client would only have access to the resources of the other client and not to a central server. Access Point Installing an access point can extend the range of an ad hoc network, effectively doubling the range at which the devices can communicate. Since the access point is connected to the wired network each client would have access to server resources as well as to other clients. Each access point can accommodate many clients; the specific number depends on the number and nature of the transmissions involved. Many real-world applications exist where a single access point services from 15-50 client devices. Access points have a finite range, on the order of 500 feet indoor and 1000 feet outdoors. In a very large facility such as a warehouse, or on a college campus it will probably be necessary to install more than one access point. Access point positioning is accomplished by means of a site survey. The goal is to blanket the coverage area with overlapping coverage cells so that clients might range throughout the area without ever losing network contact.

7. Wireless LAN Configurations (2) The ability of clients to move seamlessly among a cluster of access points is called roaming. Access points hand the client off from one to another in a way that is invisible to the client, ensuring unbroken connectivity. Going from one access point to another without having to re- establish the connection. extension point: A base-station 2-radio transceiver that bridges the gap between a wireless client and an access point or between a wireless client and another extension point. To solve particular problems of topology, the network designer might choose to use Extension Points to augment the network of access points. Extension Points look and function like access points, but they are not tethered to the wired network as are APs. EPs function just as their name implies: they extend the range of the network by relaying signals from a client to an AP or another EP. EPs may be strung together in order to pass along messaging from an AP to far-flung clients, just as humans in a bucket brigade pass pails of water hand-to-hand from a water source to a fire. The ability of clients to move seamlessly among a cluster of access points is called roaming. Access points hand the client off from one to another in a way that is invisible to the client, ensuring unbroken connectivity. Going from one access point to another without having to re- establish the connection. extension point: A base-station 2-radio transceiver that bridges the gap between a wireless client and an access point or between a wireless client and another extension point. To solve particular problems of topology, the network designer might choose to use Extension Points to augment the network of access points. Extension Points look and function like access points, but they are not tethered to the wired network as are APs. EPs function just as their name implies: they extend the range of the network by relaying signals from a client to an AP or another EP. EPs may be strung together in order to pass along messaging from an AP to far-flung clients, just as humans in a bucket brigade pass pails of water hand-to-hand from a water source to a fire.

8. Wireless LAN Configurations (3)

9. Wireless Products IEEE 802.11 and OpenAir™ Standard Examples 3Com 1,2, 11 Mbps Wireless LAN Solutions Compliant with IEEE 802.11 and IEEE802.11HR draft. Wireless LAN PC Cards (for mobile users) and PCI Cards Access point supports up to 63 Wireless PC clients and provides 200 feet of wireless indoor Proxim RangeLAN802 product family compliant with the IEEE 802.11, 2.4 GHz , 300+ meters outdoors , 2 Mbps RangeLAN2 is based on the OpenAir standard, 2.4GHz, 300+ meters outdoors, 1.6 Mbps RangeLAN2 is best suited for applications that: Require high mobility Require extended battery life Need interoperability with a wide range of third party devices including thin clients, scanners, pen tablets, and handheld printers (View a chart showing all OpenAir-certified products which interoperate with RangeLAN2 products) Will require support for 10 or more clients per access point Wide range of adapters and access points for any network situation RangeLAN802 is best suited for applications that: Require a lot of large file transfers Use devices that have access to power or where batteries are readily available Do not require interoperability with a wide range of third party devices Are small scale installations with typically less than 10 clients per access point RangeLAN2 is best suited for applications that: Require high mobility Require extended battery life Need interoperability with a wide range of third party devices including thin clients, scanners, pen tablets, and handheld printers (View a chart showing all OpenAir-certified products which interoperate with RangeLAN2 products) Will require support for 10 or more clients per access point Wide range of adapters and access points for any network situation RangeLAN802 is best suited for applications that: Require a lot of large file transfers Use devices that have access to power or where batteries are readily available Do not require interoperability with a wide range of third party devices Are small scale installations with typically less than 10 clients per access point

10. Network, platform and O/S support LAN connectivity, Driver support, Interfaces Performance Indoor and outdoor range, Throughput Power consumption Near/far phenomenon Hidden terminal phenomenon Ease of installation Management functionality e.g., SMTP, Web-based network management tool Security features Cost Wireless LAN Selection Criteria

11. Issues for Archeoguide Selection of the most appropriate Wireless Technology Selection of the area in Olympia that should be covered Selection of the network configuration required in order to cover this area. Power Supply, Battery life Position/Way of hiding of the Mobile Base Stations/batteries within the archeological area in order not to be annoying and disturbing. Approval from the Hellenic Telecommunications Administration Centre (?)