by

2. by LESSON PLANNING Aneela Israr

3. Presentation Outline • Introduction • Purpose of a lesson plan • Four Major Elements of a lesson plan • Six common mistakes in writing lesson plans • Lesson plan the easy way • Characteristics of a good lesson plan

4. …Course Outline • Advantages of lesson plan • Writing lesson plans • How to plan • Measurement, Assessment & Evaluation in Education • Practice lesson planning (Hall display)

5. OBJECTIVES OF THE DAY Objectives: By the end of the session the participants will be able to: • Explain the process of lesson planning • Prepare a lesson plan as per the text book. • Demonstrate their understanding of the skills enhanced through the use of the lesson plans.

6. …objectives • Learn a skill that will help to define you as a teacher. • Understand the concept of thinking of a lesson plan as a way of communicating • Help new or inexperienced teachers organize content, materials, and methods. • An objective is a description of what a student does that forms the basis for making an inference about learning.

7. Purpose of a lesson plan: To • structure the lesson • organize its contents/materials • determine method of its delivery • assess students’ learning • evaluate its application/effectiveness

8. FOUR MAJOR ELEMENTS • Educational Objectives • Content and Appropriate Teaching Activities • Preparation of all the Material • Monitoring & Assessing Learning

9. : Six Common Mistakes In Writing Lesson Plans (AND WHAT TO DO ABOUT THEM)

10. Tutor’s input:Six common mistakes in LPs • Poorly written objectives lead to faulty inferences. • The lesson assessment is not connected with the behavior indicated in the objective. • Prerequisites are not specified or are inconsistent with the lesson requirements. • The materials specified in the lesson are irrelevant to those described learning activities. • Teacher’s instructions are inefficient • Students activities do not contribute effectively to the lesson objective

11. Lesson Planning The Easy Way

12. The clearer the structure of a lesson and the more precise the directions on what is to be accomplished, the higher the achievement rate. Lesson Plan the Easy Way

13. FIVE LEVELS OF PLANNING • Daily planning … (Teacher) 2. Weekly planning… (Teachers-individually as well as in groups) 3. Unit planning … (Teachers’ Group /Co – ordination) • Term planning … • Yearly planning…

14. … Lesson Plan The Easy Way Characteristics A Good Lesson Plan is • based upon previous knowledge. • caters to the age level of students. • uses motivational techniques • includes necessary materials • is student centered, flexible, complete, interesting & activity based • has proportionate time allocation • includes evaluation process h. includes all the essential elements of a lesson plan

15. … Lesson Plan The Easy Way Advantages of lesson plan • makes the work regular & organized • it induces confidence. • it saves time • promotes learning. • it makes conscious for the achievement of objectives. • improves results

16. … Lesson Plan The Easy Way Writing Lesson Plans The writing of lesson plan has three important Functions: • identifies what you expect the students to be able to do by the end of the lesson • defines what you intend to do to make that possible • keeps you focused on target. • acts as a record of what the class has done.

17. … Lesson Plan The Easy Way WRITING LESSON PLANS Components of a lesson plan: • Topic • Resources • Objectives • Methodology • Activity • Homework

18. EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES …….are the learning outcomes of a lesson i.e. what the students should be able to know or do at the end of the lesson that they could not do at the beginning!

19. … EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES • Specify the new skills that the students will gain as a result of the lesson • Focus on student’s (not teacher’s) attainment • Determine the degree or criterion for satisfactory attainment of the objectives.

20. … EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES Setting Objectives What will the learner be able to: • Know (concept…cognitive) • Do (skill… psychomotor) • Feel (behavior, attitude, appreciation or ideas…affective) Each defined objective is matched with: • Teaching Method • Learning Activities • Type of Assessment Note: Relevance is the essential quality of the educational objectives

21. Objectives should be SMART: Specific Measurable Attainable Realistic Time bound Write SMART Objectives for: English & Urdu: Comprehension Creative writing Grammar Literature – summary , RTC. Mathematics Science Social studies Library Activity # 2 :EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

22. ROLE OF LEARNING MATERIALS • Defines Instructional Objectives • Sets Tasks to Attain Objectives • Informs Learners of Tasks they have to Perform • Provides Guidance and Practice • Provides Feedback on Retention of acquired Skills • Makes the teaching effective. • Supplies concrete basis for conceptual thinking. • Makes learning permanent

23. Teaching Materials / Resources A. COURSE BOOKS B. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS: 1. Teacher’s book 2. Work book

24. C. SUPPORTING MATERIAL: 1. Audio Materials2. Visual materials 3. Audio-visual materials. 4. Multi media

25. Audio Visual Aids Supporting Materials TEACHERS PUPILS ENVIRONMENT MANUFACTURED VISUAL AIDS B/W BOARDS PICTURES FLASH REALIA * CARDS PICTURE WORD ADAPTABLE FLASH CARDS FLASH CARDS FLASH CARDS

28. POSTERS COMPUTERS OPAQUE PROJECTORS CHARTS LEARNER OVERHEAD PROJECTORS TELEVISION AND VIDEOS TAPE RECORDERS OTHER VISUAL MATERIALS MODERN CLASS ROOM (MULTI-MEDIA)

29. WRITING LESSON PLANS Methodology - Specify Timings of each of these steps: (40/80 minutes) • Settling time • Introduction • Previous Knowledge • Presentation – Brainstorming / Discussion / teacher’s Input • Practice (Students output) – CW. Oral / Written • Home Work • Assessment – Test / worksheets

30. METHOD Any teaching Item has three stages Presentation Practice Production

31. Method Presentation of the Items involves • Preparing class • making sure the concept is absolutely clear to student • giving the model example of the item • Practice the Teaching Item involves: • repetition/ drilling • Dialogue / discussion • Worksheets

32. …METHODS Production of the Teaching items: Involves: • Role play • Games / dialogue etc • Practicing the item • Assessment

33. …WRITING LESSON PLANS Activities: Daily – Life application of the concept Type & nature of activities: • individual / group work • reading • project / art work / model making • role play • presentations • charts / maps • practical work etc.

34. ROLE OF ACTIVITIES • source of motivation • making learning interesting • decrease the anxiety of learner • concrete base for abstract learning • develop confidence (individually, group work) • develop creativity • flexible and friendly environment • provides students an approach towards learning • capture the attention and involve the students in learning situation

35. Activity Explain the following components of lesson plans – Group Work: • Content • Prerequisites • Instructional Objective • Instructional Procedures V . Materials and Equipment VI. Assessment/Evaluation VII. Follow-up Activities • Self-Assessment

36. TUTOR’S INPUT • Content: • This is a statement that relates to the subject-matter content. The content may be a concept or a skill. Phrase this as follows: I want my students to: (be able to [name the skill) OR (I want my students to understand a description of the concept).

37. …TUTOR’S INPUT II. Prerequisites: Indicate what the student must already know or be able to do in order to be successful with this lesson.

38. …TUTOR’S INPUT III. Instructional Objective: Indicate what is to be learned - this must be a complete objective. Write this objective in terms of what an individual student will do, not what a group will do.

39. …TUTOR’S INPUT IV. Instructional Procedures: Description of what you will do in teaching the lesson, and, as appropriate, includes a description of how you will introduce the lesson to the students, what actual instructional techniques you will use, and how you will bring closure to the lesson. Include what specific things students will actually do during the lesson. In most cases, you will provide some sort of summary for the students.

40. …TUTOR’S INPUT V. Materials and Equipment: List all materials and equipment to be used by both the teacher and learner and how they will be used. VI. Assessment/Evaluation: Describe how you will determine the extent to which students have attained the instructional objective. Be sure this part is directly connected to the behavior called for in the instructional objective.

41. …TUTOR’S INPUT VII. Follow-up Activities: Indicate how other activities/materials will be used to reinforce and extend this lesson. Include homework, assignments, and projects.

42. …TUTOR’S INPUT VIII. Self-Assessment (to be completed after the lesson is presented): Address the major components of the lesson plan, focusing on both the strengths, and areas of needed improvement. Determine here how you plan to collect information that will be useful for planning future lessons. A good idea is to analyze the difference between what you wanted (the objective) and what was attained (the results of the assessment).

43. Activity Complete the Educational Circle 05 minutes

44. Complete the educational circle

45. TUTORS INPUT: THE EDUCATIONAL CIRCLE

46. Activity Instructions: Topic: Preparing Lesson Planning (Maths, Science, Urdu, Social studies, English) Duration of activity: 30 minutes Materials required: Flip charts, chart paper, markers • Tell the participants that they will prepare lesson plans based upon what they have so far learned. • Divide the participants into groups. Every group will work on preparing lesson plans. • Allocate topics from the textbooks for each subject.

47. … Instructions • Allow the participants to prepare lesson plans as per their topics. • Each group presents their lesson. • Once the groups have made their presentations exchange the lesson plans between groups for analysis, comments and revision if required. • Invite groups to share their analysis and comments. • Repeat the above steps for each subject.

48. Aim: Before Planning a Lesson Questions you need to ask are: • What are the inputs? • What is the output? • What do I expect the student to be able to do by the end of the time available? • What will I do in order to make that possible? • How will I break up the time into main stages? • What will be the main stages be linked? • What materials/aids will I need to achieve these aims?

49. … Activity Process Input Process Output

50. … Activity Devise a 40/80 minute lesson based on the method PPP – don’t forget to set the objective The following headings may assist you: Components of a lesson plan • Topic • Objective • Resource • Methodology • Activities • Homework • Assessment • Evaluation (Self analysis – PPIR an MCF)