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Chapter 9 The Executive Branch and the Federal Bureaucracy

Chapter 9 The Executive Branch and the Federal Bureaucracy. . To Accompany Comprehensive, Alternate, and Texas Editions American Government: Roots and Reform , 10th edition Karen O’Connor and Larry J. Sabato  Pearson Education, 2009. The Roots of Bureaucracy.

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Chapter 9 The Executive Branch and the Federal Bureaucracy

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  1. Chapter 9The Executive Branch and the Federal Bureaucracy  To Accompany Comprehensive, Alternate, and Texas Editions American Government: Roots and Reform, 10th edition Karen O’Connor and Larry J. Sabato  Pearson Education, 2009

  2. The Roots of Bureaucracy • Foreign Affairs, War, Treasury first departments. • Growth in early 1800s with Post Office. • Patronage and the spoils system become common. • Civil War spawns another expansion. • Pendleton Act is beginning of civil service system. • Also known as merit system. • Creation of independent regulatory commissions.

  3. Twentieth-Century Bureaucracy • Growing number of cabinet departments. • Need for a larger government to support wars. • New Deal and Great Society.

  4. Modern Bureaucracy • More than 2.7 million employees. • Most are selected based on merit. • Also have high-level appointees. • Wide variety of skills represented. • Less diverse than America. • Scattered throughout D.C. and regional offices. • Growth of outside contractors.

  5. Formal Organization • Cabinet departments handle broad, lasting issues. • Headed by secretaries. • Government corporations act like businesses. • Independent executive agencies handle services. • Narrower than Cabinet department, independent. • Independent regulatory commissions watch industry. • Designed to be free from partisan pressure.

  6. Government Workers and Politics • Hatch Act sets first boundaries. • Federal Employees Political Act is current standard.

  7. Characteristics of Bureaucracy • Chain of command from top to bottom. • Division of labor. • Clear lines of authority. • Goal orientation. • Merit system. • Productivity.

  8. How the Bureaucracy Works • Congress creates agencies. • Main job is implementation of laws. • Policy made in iron triangles or issue networks. • Increasing use of interagency councils.

  9. Making Policy • Administrative discretion allows a lot of latitude. • Rule-making is a quasi-legislative process. • Formal procedure for making regulations. • Administrative adjudication is quasi-judicial process. • Used to settle disputes between two parties.

  10. Agency Accountability • Unclear who agencies should be accountable to. • Presidents try to make the right appointments. • Can also shape policy through executive orders. • Congress can use oversight powers and funding. • Police patrol v. fire alarm oversight. • Judiciary can review regulations.

  11. AV- Growth of Government  Back

  12. Figure 9.1- Civilian Employment  Back

  13. Figure 9.2- Employee Characteristics  Back

  14. Figure 9.3- Agency Regions  Back

  15. Figure 9.4- The Executive Branch  Back

  16. Figure 9.5- An Iron Triangle  Back

  17. Figure 9.6- Rulemaking  Back

  18. Table 9.1- FEPA  Back

  19. Table 9.2- Agency Accountability  Back

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