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The functions of the cell organelles

The functions of the cell organelles. Cytoplasm. Jelly-like fluid that fills the cell. Described by Felix Dujardin. Cytoskeleton Provides internal support Supports organelles and maintains the shape of the cell Made up of microtubules and microfilaments. Nucleus.

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The functions of the cell organelles

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  1. The functions of the cell organelles

  2. Cytoplasm • Jelly-like fluid that fills the cell. • Described by Felix Dujardin

  3. Cytoskeleton Provides internal support Supports organelles and maintains the shape of the cell Made up of microtubules and microfilaments

  4. Nucleus • Controls activities of cells, cell reproduction & heredity Chromosomes/Chromatin Nuclear Membrane Genetic information Controls transport of materials into and out of the nucleus Nucleolus Synthesis and storage of RNA PORES

  5. Ribosomes: Site of protein synthesis • Composed of 2 subunits. • Prokaryotes = 70s ribosomes • Eukaryotes = 80s ribosomes 2 parts of ribosome Ribosomes are located - on the endoplasmic reticulum - on the surface of the nuclear envelope - free floating in the cytoplasm.

  6. Endoplasmic Reticulum“Internal Transport System” • Transports substances throughout the cell • Rough ER is site of protein synthesis • Smooth ER is the site of lipid and steroid synthesis and detoxifies substances.

  7. Golgi Apparatus “The Packaging Plant” • Temporarily stores, packages, and transports materials • Packages digestive enzymes to make lysosomes. • Lysosomes digest food particles and foreign substances.

  8. The Endomembrane System Nucleus Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum Rough Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Vacuoles/ vesicles Plasma Membrane Lysosomes

  9. Mitochondria “Powerhouse” of the cell Site of cellular respiration

  10. Vacuoles/Vesicles Reservoirs for water and dissolved substances. Stores food or waste. Plant cell vacuole Contractual vacuole for single celled animals

  11. In PLANTS Only Cell Wall • Providesexternal support andprotection • Preventsbacterialinvasion • Made up of cellulose

  12. In PLANTS Only Plastids Chloroplast: Contains chlorophyll which captures light energy for photosynthesis Chromoplast:stores accessory pigments for photosynthesis Amyloplast/Leucoplast: stores excess glucose from photosynthesis as amylose/starch

  13. In ANIMALS Only • Centrioles • Found in the cytoplasm • Produce spindle fibers that are used to • separate chromosomes during cell division.

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