ADINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SAGAR (M.P.)

1. ADINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SAGAR (M.P.) REPRESENTED BY ANSHUL BADONIYA FROM EC 8TH SEM

2. Laws of thermodynamics • Zeroth law of thermodynamics • First law of thermodynamics • Second law of thermodynamics • Third law of thermodynamics

3. According to the first law “ if two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with third body then 3rd also in thermal equilibrium with each other. • The first law totally depends on the law of conservation of energy. • The second law overcome the limitations of first law :- • Kelvin plank statement • Clausius statement

4. The entropy of any pure substance in thermodynamic equilibrium approaches zero as the temperature approaches zero.

5. Weight average molecular weight • It’s a weight in grams of Avogadro no. of molecules of substance. • Basically for polymers we use a weight average molecular weight. • For benzene the molecular weight is determine by every molecules present in benzene

6. i.e. 6 CARBON* ATOMIC WEIGHT OF CARBON • 6 HYDROGEN * ATOMIC WEIGHT OF HYDROGEN • WHICH IS = 72+6 • = 78

7. MESOMERIC EFFECT • Mesomeric effect is a property of substituent's in a chemical compound. • The effect is used in a qualitative way and describes the electron withdrawing of substituent's based on relevant resonance structures

8. EX. -M substituent's: acetyl • Examples of +M substituent's: Alcohol • "Mesomerism" in this context is often encountered in German and French literature but in English literature the term "resonance" dominates

9. Average Velocity during given time calculated as Velocity = distance/time dv/dt = d( 2.79j-3.33j)/dt dv/dt = root of (u square+ v square+ w square ) u = 2.79 v = -3.33 w = 0 Now by putting the value in above formula so we get that value of velocity we get • velocity = 4.33 m/s

10. And angle made by V with x-axis • θ = y2-y1/ x2-x1 Now by putting the value in above formula so we get that value of angle • θ = -6.12/2.76 = -2.22

11. Question of math's • F(x) = { x sin 1/x , x does not = 0 } { 0 , x = 0 } Left hand limit = lim f(a-h) h tends to -0 = lim f(0-h) h tends to-0 = lim -h sin (-1/h) h tends to-0 = sin(1/h)/(1/h) = 1

12. Right hand limit = lim f(a+h) h tends to-0 = lim f(0-h) h tends to-0 = lim +h sin(1/h) h tends to-0 = sin(1/h)/(1/h) = 1 At the value of x = lim f(x) h tends to-0 = lim x sin(1/x) h tends to-0

13. = sin (1/x)/(1/x) = 1 That is function is continuous For differentiability Left hand derivative = lim f(a-h)-f(a)/-h h-0 = lim f(0-h)-f(0)/-h h-0 = 1

14. Right hand limit = lim f(a+h)-f(a)/+h h-0 = lim f(0+h)-f(0)/+h h-0 = 1 That is the function is differentiable.