Centrality Determination for √s NN = 200GeV d+Au Collisions at RHIC

1. CentralityDetermination for √sNN = 200GeVd+Au Collisions at RHIC Richard S Hollis University of Illinois at Chicago

2. Collaboration Birger Back,Mark Baker, Maarten Ballintijn, Donald Barton, Russell Betts, Abigail Bickley, Richard Bindel, Wit Busza (Spokesperson), Alan Carroll, Zhengwei Chai, Patrick Decowski, Edmundo Garcia, Tomasz Gburek, Nigel George, Kristjan Gulbrandsen, Stephen Gushue, Clive Halliwell, Joshua Hamblen, Adam Harrington, Conor Henderson, David Hofman, Richard Hollis, Roman Hołyński, Burt Holzman, Aneta Iordanova, Erik Johnson, Jay Kane, Nazim Khan, Piotr Kulinich, Chia Ming Kuo, Willis Lin, Steven Manly, Alice Mignerey, Gerrit van Nieuwenhuizen, Rachid Nouicer, Andrzej Olszewski, Robert Pak, Inkyu Park, Heinz Pernegger, Corey Reed, Michael Ricci, Christof Roland, Gunther Roland, Joe Sagerer, Iouri Sedykh, Wojtek Skulski, Chadd Smith, Peter Steinberg, George Stephans, Andrei Sukhanov, Marguerite Belt Tonjes, Adam Trzupek, Carla Vale, Siarhei Vaurynovich, Robin Verdier, Gábor Veres, Edward Wenger, Frank Wolfs, Barbara Wosiek, Krzysztof Woźniak, Alan Wuosmaa, Bolek Wysłouch, Jinlong Zhang ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS, KRAKOW MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY NATIONAL CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, TAIWAN UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER

3. Detector Au Analysis Apparatus: 4p Multiplicity Array Central Octagon Barrel 6 Rings at higher (Pseudo) Rapidity Trigger Apparatus: Paddles → One Hit on Each Array is the Minimum-Bias Trigger d

4. Centrality: What is it? These Geometrical Quantities are not Directly Measurable b Npart Ncoll Npart

5. 30 How can we ‘measure’ these variables in d+Au collisions? d + Au at √s = 200GeV • Choose a pseudorapidity region • here it’s |η|<3.0 • Slice the MC Multiplicity into desired percentile cross-section bins • Map this to Npart • Determine the mean and width of the resulting Npart distributions • Finally, slice DATA Multiplicity into same cross-section bins • Associate Npart from same MC cross-section bins • More Npart details tomorrow • See Aneta Iordanova’s Talk “Npart Determination and Systematic Error” Npart Npart

6. η Coverage Primary Trigger (Scintillator)Paddles The aim of the talk is to demonstrate the reconstruction of the Min-Bias Multiplicity Distribution Octagon Rings Rings -5.4 -3.2 5.4 3.2 Schematic Plot not to scale η

7. ETot EOct ERing EAuHem EdHem Which Region of η is best?Five distinct methods • Should not matter when reconstructing a Min-Bias result • If calculated efficiencies are correct! • Unique PHOBOS coverage • Many regions to pick from • All used a basic algorithm • Sum of all merged hits • Cut noise and background Schematic Distributions

8. Which Region of η is best?Why do we need so many? <Npart> ≈ 3.1 • Auto-Correlations! • Could this introduce a Centrality Bias? • Method (here) • Cut on Npart directly (Black) • Form <dN/dη> • Calculate the <Npart> • Cut on all the other variables such that all have the same <Npart> • Form <dN/dη> • Each method derives a different <dN/dη> for the same <Npart> • ERing yields the closest shape Npart EOct ETot ERing AuHem dHem HIJING <Npart> ≈ 15.5

9. Which Region of η is best?Let’s try one, any one • For illustration, look at ‘EOct’ • |η|<3.0 • we started here in January! • Hijing reproduces the Data well in this region. • Inherent Problem: • How do we make cross-section bins if we are inefficient? MC – HIJING Data EOct MC – HIJING Same cuts as data Data EOct

10. EOct EOct Problem: Data is not 100% Efficient • Making a measurement from the whole range of centralities was crucial, for all our d+Au papers. • For Au+Au data, assumed all inefficiency was in the last bin → thrown away. • Two Options presented themselves: • PHOBOS ‘min bias’ • Divide our data into our cross-section bins • don’t know the true cross-section • how to deduce Npart? • Hijing ‘zero-bias’ • Divide this distribution into cross-section bins, • can estimate the true cross-section, • have to carefully estimate the error associated with this • Au+Au (Trigger) Efficiency = 97% • d+Au (Trigger + Vertex) Efficiency = 82.5% Data MC

11. EOct EOct Solution: Use Hijing Use the Hijing Cross-section as true Apply a small scale factor (along x-axis) to match the distributions Use a Glauber calculation to estimate the uncertainty in overall efficiency MC Data

12. How do we know we are correct? • There are some issues to consider with this technique • Is the efficiency correct? • Is Hijing Correct? • Does Hijing reproduce the shape well enough? • Best way to address them is to try another method! • Different (shape matched) efficiencies • Different efficiencies per centrality bin • Each of the 5 methods have different shape features

13. Forming the “minimum bias” result • Form the normalized distributions in 10 equal (Hijing) cross-section bins. • Sum these and divide by 10 (bins). • All five methods reconstruct within a few percent of each other (in Hijing). • Reconstruct to within 2.5% of Hijing zero bias. • We can then hypothesize: • We have seen the intermediate centrality distributions are very different for each centrality method • As are the efficiencies per bin • The final (reconstructed) zero-biases are the same • Conclusion: the method seems to work HIJING

14. dNch dη Why do we need bins for “minimum bias” reconstruction • If we put all the data into one bin • automatically bias ourselves away from the low multiplicity events • ~15% rise over zero-bias • Folding in the efficiency helps • Increase number of bins → get closer to ‘truth’ HIJING All in 1 Bin Zero Bias η

15. Conclusions • We have developed a new analysis to determine bins of cross-section for d+Au collisions. • We can analyse data even when the data falls in an inefficient bin. • Biased Hijing reconstructs 2.5% higher than unbiased with our methodology. • Distinct centrality methods in Hijing Reconstruct and agree to within a few percent of each other.

16. INAL DATA RESULT If you want to see it … Aneta Iordanova Session CC Tomorrow Morning

17. PRELIMINARY INAL DATA RESULT

18. PRELIMINARY INAL DATA RESULT

19. PRELIMINARY INAL DATA RESULT

20. INAL DATA RESULT PRELIMINARY -4 -2 0 2 4 η

21. 400 How do we ‘measure’ these variables in Au+Au collisions? Au + Au at √s = 200GeV • Choose a pseudorapidity region (here it’s |η|<3.0) • Slice the MC Multiplicity into desired percentile cross-section bins • Map this to Npart • Determine the mean and width of the resulting Npart distributions • Finally, slice DATA Multiplicity into same cross-section bins • Associate Npart from same MC cross-section bins Npart Npart