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MIKROELEKTRONIKA 9.

MIKROELEKTRONIKA 9. Napelemek: Szerkezet és működés Alkalmazás Új megoldások. A nap minden masodpercben 6.10 11 kg hidrogént alakít át héliummá, ami elég kb. 10 10 évre. Az elektromágneses sugárzás tartománya 0,2-3 m. A Földre jutó energia kevesebb: veszteségek.

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MIKROELEKTRONIKA 9.

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  1. MIKROELEKTRONIKA 9. Napelemek: Szerkezet és működés Alkalmazás Új megoldások

  2. A nap minden masodpercben 6.1011 kg hidrogént alakít át héliummá, ami elég kb. 1010 évre. • Az elektromágneses sugárzás tartománya 0,2-3 m. • A Földre jutó energia kevesebb: veszteségek. • Ha a Nap 48* szögben áll, a beérkező energia 963W/m2. • 1 km2 Szahara kap kb. 109 W ! • Átalakítás: • Direkt melegítés • Biomassza, fotoszintézis • Elektromosság • 3.1. napelem (fotodióda) • 3.2. nanostruktúrák • Probléma: tárolás.

  3. p-n átmenet mint napelem ahol IL = Iscrövidre zárt áramkör árama ( a nemegyensúlyi elektronok árama), Is- a dióda telítési árama, RL -a terhelés, A - az átmenet felülete. Ha I=0, nyitott áramkör, a feszültség:

  4. Hatásfok: = Teljesítmény: Pmax ha dP/dV =0, FF-fill factor:

  5. Cells consisting of a single p–n junction that are made from bulk semiconductor have a maximum theoretical efficiency of 31% — and the best performing affordable commercial devices are about 18% efficient.

  6. New Directions Surface structuring to reduce reflection loss: for example, construction of the cell surface in a pyramid structure, so that incoming light hits the surface several times. Si:(111) etching! New material: for example, gallium arsenide (GaAs), cadmium telluride (CdTe) or copper indium selenide (CuInSe²). Nanostructured, organic- biocomposites. Grätzel cells: Electrochemical liquid cells with titanium dioxide as electrolytes and dye to improve light absorption.

  7. Amorf Si napelem: 5-6% Tandem napelem: 30%

  8. The structure comprised a multiple-quantum-well (MQW) layer sandwiched between a p-type layer and an n-type layer. The MQW itself comprised 20 layers of gallium arsenide, each about 7.5 nm thick. A solution of cadmium-selenium quantum dots, each just a few nanometres across, is deposited onto the structure. Inspired by photosynthesis: the photo-generated carriers within the quantum dots, which are confined within the etched channels, are close enough to the quantum wells that they can exchange energy via a dipole–dipole interaction. The patterned device was six times more efficient than the unpatterned one.

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