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By: Brianna Burgess 7 th period

Apache Indians. By: Brianna Burgess 7 th period. Environment. Where did the Apache live?. Southern New Mexico, Arizona, western Texas, Colorado, and also ranging over parts of northern Mexico

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By: Brianna Burgess 7 th period

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  1. Apache Indians By: Brianna Burgess 7th period

  2. Environment Where did the Apache live? • Southern New Mexico, Arizona, western Texas, Colorado, and also ranging over parts of northern Mexico • Occupied mountains and plains in these areas Area inhabited Chiricahuas

  3. History • Originated from Northwestern corner of North America - Broke away from Athabascan tribe of Canada - Migrated south as early as 850 C.E. • Spanish invaded in late 1500s - brought the horse • Comanche pushed them south in 1700s - losing buffalo, began raiding to survive • Indian wars of 1848 • Put on reservations in 1868-1886 • Chief Geronimo died as a prisoner of war in 1909 Migrating Indians

  4. Common Shelter • Wikiup~ the most common shelter -Made of brush, twigs, mud, & reed mats -fire pit and place for chimney - Burnt down when switching camps • Nomadic, so didn’t need permanent housing • Plains Apache lived in buckskin tepees • Hogans were used in the desert to keep the heat out

  5. Food • Survived on hunting buffalo • 35-40% diet was meat • 60-65% diet was of wild plants • Didn’t fish, eat fish, or eat pork • -thought they resembled evil animals • limited farming~ corn, beans, squash

  6. Clothing/ Costumes • Men ~ Deerskin shirt, loin-cloth, leggings, moccasins, Attractive headdresses with symbolic ornamentation • Women ~ Short deerskin skirt, shirt, and high-top boot moccasins • Both were fond of wearing beaded necklaces & earrings Beaded moccasins http://www.posttexas.com/tribaldressgif.gif

  7. T R A D E • Spanish invaded in 1500s disrupting trade • Brought the horse • hostilities increased when New Mexico became Spanish colony in 1598 • Traded buffalo hides, tallow & meat, salt, bones for scraping hides … • Received pottery, cotton, blankets, turquoise, corn … • Traded with neighboring tribes • Began to rely on raiding for food and other goods

  8. *Language* What did the Apache speak? • Spoke Athabascan • - Subgroups spoke different dialects • Da go Te` means Hello Western Apache English • Licha`nee • Ya`ai • Tu` • Izdz`an • Ndee`n • dog • sun • water • Woman • Man Apache comes from Zuni word meaning “enemy” and “fighting men”

  9. Economy • Nomadic hunters-gatherers • Hunted large & small game • gathered berries & roots • - survived on wild plants • cacti fruits, yucca plants, mesquite tree

  10. Transportation • How did the Apache get around? • Spanish brought horses in 1500 • - Apache raided their settlements and stole horses • had dogs but traveled mostly by horseback

  11. Technology • Tools- tweezers of tin, fine baskets, pottery, farming tools • Weapons- bayonets, bow & arrows, shields, war clubs, sling-shots • - arrow tips made of obsidian and other rocks

  12. Gender Roles • Men • warriors, hunters, leaders, religious leaders, they buried the dead …etc. • - they were too worthy to farm • Women • Farmed, gathered berries & roots, took care of family, housework, cooking … etc. • - women were extremely important Apache bride

  13. Religion • Had Shaman & Medicine Men • - Chief Geronimo was a famous Medicine Man and Shaman • Very Religious but it was nothing too formal • Worshiped Ussen- Creator of Life, Ga’ns- mountain spirits, and other spirits • Had many ceremonial dances: • - harvest dance, crop dance, girl’s puberty right dance, rain dance, Ga’ns dance & many more

  14. Entertainment & Arts • Festivals • Had many ceremonial dances • - music was sung only by tones not words • - told stories at ceremonies • Art • Painted faces brilliant colors • fine basketry • impressive beadwork

  15. Government/ Socialization • Was a chiefdom with 6 smaller bands • - had a temporary chief, headman, headwomen • - a few leaders: Cochise, Victorio, Geronimo Geronimo • Social units based on extended family • -western apache were matrilineal • - other groups traced descent through both • parents • - Polygamy was practiced by the men • About 5,000 Apaches in 1680

  16. War/Peace/Culture • Indians wars of 1848 • ~constant war with U.S. government & the “white man” – also Mexicans • ~ leaders chose by leadership abilities & exploits in war • Engaged in fierce wars with government until all Apache tribes were put onto reservations • - most were on reservations by 1868 except Chiricahua- 1886 Only peaceful with own tribe & family Apache warriors

  17. Credits/Bibliography http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/gal/indiansmigrating.sm.jpg http://www.nmmagazine.com/IMAGES/mckinn.jpg http://z.about.com/d/beadwork/1/0/-/e/1/fall_leaves_blog.jpg http://www.bigtimbercreek.org/fish_wh_perch.jpg http://www.rarebreeds.co.nz/spanish1.jpg http://www.myphototricks.com/uploaded_images/cactus2-783129.jpg http://www.crystalinks.com/apache.html http://www.score.rims.k12.ca.us http://www.spiritconnectionstore.com http://www.impurplehawk.com/apache.html http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/apache/apachehist.htm http://www.indians.org/welker/origanim.htm http://www.texasindians.com/apach.htm http://www.sonofthesouth.net/american-indians/apache.htm

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