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Colonial Slavery and The Haitian Revolt

Colonial Slavery and The Haitian Revolt. Saint-Domingue1700’s. Was A major Sugar producing Colony for the French Highly intensive manual labor The Island was split between French and Spanish rule Slave owners very highly abusive towards their slaves

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Colonial Slavery and The Haitian Revolt

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  1. Colonial Slavery and The Haitian Revolt

  2. Saint-Domingue1700’s • Was A major Sugar producing Colony for the French • Highly intensive manual labor • The Island was split between French and Spanish rule • Slave owners very highly abusive towards their slaves • Violence used on slave populations which outnumbered whites

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  4. Closer connection to Africa • ON the Island there was a constant flow of new slaves • West African language and culture was more prevalent on Haiti • Language spoken was Creole(mix French and African dialects) • Religion consisted of combination of Catholicism and native beliefs (Vodue)

  5. Racial and Social Structure of the Island • The whites • government official in city Port au Prince • Wealthy Plantation Owners • Plantation Foremen • The free people of color • Most were Mullatoes given Freedom • White fathers often gave them land and an education to secure higher status • The black slaves • Many with close lines to Africa and had the least rights • The maroons • Escaped Slaves who lived on the outskirts of plantations

  6. The French Revolution • The French Revolution of 1789 In France was the spark which lit The Haitian Revolution of 1791.  • French Revolutions had weakened political structure on the Colonies • People were inspired by documents like “The Rights of Man and Citizen” • Free Blacks were pushing for civil equality

  7. Economic Causes • "exclusif" on Saint-Domingue. This required that Saint-Domingue sold 100% of her exports to France alone, and purchased 100% • here was a growing independence movement, and in this movement the white planters were united with the free people of color. 

  8. The Slave Rebellion of August 21, 1791 • Uprising of the slaves on the night of August 21st. • Maroons began to attack plantations and other slaved joined in • Major factor was 10-1 ratio of slaves and Whites • Slaves would take revenge on whites • 1792 Slaves control a large portion of the colony

  9. Foreign Influence • 1793 France Declared War on GB • GB and Spain began to attack French troops in Saint Domingue • Further weakening French forces • They also provided rebellious slaves with supplies to fight French Forces

  10. End of Slavery 1794 • In France under Maximilien Robespierre France abolished Slavery on all colonies • This was also to attempt to control Slave rebellion • Many Former Rebels joined the French Side in a Fight to Remove British and Spanish Forces form the Island

  11. Social Structure after Slavery • There was no real change in society • Blacks still wanted full Rights • Next step was fight for independence • Many Former Rebels joined the French Side in a Fight to Remove British and Spanish Forces form the Island

  12. Toussaint L’Ouverture • Was a former slave • Self Educated • Fought in initial Slave Rebellion • Then Fought for the French against Spanish and British • As Commander he urged soldiers not to commit atrocities • His largest Demand was free Haiti ruled by the Black majority

  13. His capture • He declared Haiti Independent and set a constitution with himself as leader • Napoleon Sent Forces to remove him from power • A peace treaty was made to join back with France • He was then arrested and died in France 1802

  14. France and re-establishment of Slavery • French Revolution was over and Napoleon was in charge • Major push by the French to re-establish slavery • This Caused the Second major uprising led by former Black French commander Jean-Jacques Dessalines

  15. Fight for Independence • Advantages for the Rebels • Britain was attacking France (Napoleonic Wars) • Napoleon wanted to focus on Europe instead of Americas • 1804 Lead by Dessalines Haiti won its independence from France • What followed was a full attack on all remaining whites.

  16. Issues brought up by Haiti • First Independent Black nation in the Americas • Most Successful Slave Uprising • Fear of other Slave holding nations of Slave uprisings. • United States and Other nations placed embargo • France forced Haiti to pay reparations for lost property.

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