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Conflicts in the Colonies

Conflicts in the Colonies. Conflict in the Colonies. Native Americans -land -religion English Power -Mercantilism: England used colonies to provide products they could not produce -Development of naval power -Desired a favorable balance of trade (when exports exceed imports.

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Conflicts in the Colonies

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  1. Conflicts in the Colonies

  2. Conflict in the Colonies • Native Americans -land -religion • English Power -Mercantilism: England used colonies to provide products they could not produce -Development of naval power -Desired a favorable balance of trade (when exports exceed imports

  3. Conflict Continued • Navigation Acts of 1660 and 1663 -Passed to protect English mercantilism -Colonists were forced to use English ships and trade directly with England • Parliament forces James II out of power -Demonstrates that Parliament has final say • Monarchy changes colonies -Enforce and tighten navigation acts -Parliament kept the right to veto any colonial laws

  4. Uniting for Peace • Albany Congress (1754) • Ben Franklin • Colonial leaders and Iroquois leaders • Aid against the French • Both reject the idea– no treaty

  5. Added Tension • Relations with Native Americans worsen • Royal Proclamation of 1763: colonists could not cross the Appalachian Mountains • England acquired a large debt from the war

  6. Problems after the War -Indians in the Ohio Valley revolt against British forts -conflicts were becoming costly for Britain -Proclamation of 1763 stated that colonists could not cross the Appalachian Mtns -Colonists ignored the law and continued to provoke Indians

  7. Tensions Build -British heavily in debt because of war -standing British Army in the colonies -Trading restrictions established to levy duties (taxes) on certain products -smugglers avoid paying taxes

  8. Tensions Build -writs of assistance -Sugar Act affected merchants and traders -protests began against taxation without representation James Otis

  9. Stamp Act -Parliament passes Stamp Act -placed a direct tax on the colonists -required stamp on all legal documents, newspapers, license, and cards -affected many colonists rich and poor -Quartering Act, 1765

  10. Townshend Acts -new tax placed on imports such as tea, glass, paper, paint -colonists again reacted with protests -British reacted by sending more troops

  11. Parliamentary Acts • Sugar Act (1764) • Quartering Act (1765) • Stamp Act (1765) • Stamp Act Congress • Repealed by Parliament (1766) • Declaratory Act (1766) • Townshend Acts (1767)

  12. Colonial Reactions • “No taxation without representation.” • “Virtual Representation”-felt unrepresented in Parliament • Sons of Liberty organize boycotts • Committees of Correspondence • Organized colonial resistance against the crown • Merchants create non-importation associations not buy British goods

  13. Boston Massacre -March 1770 -protests by colonists -British troops fire on crowd -5 colonists killed Crispus Attucks -Most soldiers found not guilty John Adams served as attorney for the soldiers

  14. http://www.earlyamerica.com/review/winter96/enlargement.html

  15. The Revolutionary Cause • Boston center of colonial protest and rebellion (strained heavily by acts) • British Army sent to enforce laws • Boston Massacre (1770) Townshend Acts repealed

  16. Boston Tea Party (1773) Coercive Acts/Intolerable Acts -harsh acts imposed to punish Boston -closed Boston Harbor -military governor over Boston

  17. First Continental Congress • September 1774 • Colonial representatives • Complete boycott of British goods, raise local militias, repeal all Parliamentary laws

  18. Divided Loyalty • Loyalists/Tories-opposed independence; loyal to Britain • Patriots/Whigs-supported the war with Britain; American colonists

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