Interdependence in the Colonies

1. Interdependence in the Colonies Chapter 4: Section 1

2. Colonial Trade • Trade became a big part of life in the colonies. • New England at the center of shipping trade • Colonial merchant ships followed many different trading routes. • Some directly to England and back • Others followed routes that became known as the triangular trade • Routes formed a triangle • Leg 1: sugar & molasses from West Indies to New England colonies. New England made molasses into rum. • Leg 2: rum and other goods shipped to West Africa and traded for enslaved Africans. • Leg 3: enslaved Africans taken to West Indies where they were sold to planters. Profit was used to buy more molasses, and the process started over.

3. Triangular Trade Video http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search?Ntt=navigation+acts

4. What was the importance of the Triangular Trade to the Colonies?

5. The Middle Passage • This was the inhumane part of the triangular trade, shipping enslaved Africans to the West Indies.

6. The Middle Passage Video: http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search?Ntt=middle+passage

7. New England’s Economy • Aside from the horrors of the Middle Passage, with its trade, shipbuilding, and fishing, New England’s economy flourished. • Population grew and towns and cities developed.

8. English Colonial Rule • Trouble was brewing in England and in the colonies during the 1600s. • England’s monarchy restored with Charles II, but many not satisfied with him. • James II, Charles’s successor, attempted to take back the powers Parliament had won during the English Civil War. • He also tried to tighten royal control over the colonies.

9. The Glorious Revolution • In 1688, Parliament took action. It forced out King James and placed his daughter, Mary and her husband William of Orange on the throne of England. • This change, which showed the power of elected representatives over the monarch became known as the Glorious Revolution.

10. English Bill of Rights • In 1689, King William and Queen Mary signed this document which guaranteed certain basic rights to all citizens. • It later inspired the people who created the American Bill of Rights. English Bill of Rights

11. Colonial Government • The Magna Carte of 1215 signed by King John established the principle of limited government, in which the power of the king, or government, was limited. • The Magna Carte provided for protection against unjust punishment and against the loss of life, liberty, or property. • As the colonies grew, they relied more and more on their own governments to make local laws. • By the 1760s, there were three types of colonies in America: charter colonies, proprietary colonies, and royal colonies.

12. Charter Colonies • Were established by settlers who had been given a charter, or a grant of rights and privileges. • Elected their own governors and members of legislature. • Great Britain had the right to approve the governor, but could not veto the acts of legislature. • Connecticut and Rhode Island.

13. Proprietary Colonies • Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania • Were ruled by proprietors. • They were individuals or groups to who Britain had granted land. • Proprietors were free to rule as they wished. • They appointed the governor and members of the upper house of the legislature, while colonists elected the lower house.

14. Royal Colonies • Georgia, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. • Britain directly ruled these colonies. • The king appointed a governor and a council, known as the upper house. The colonists elected an assembly, called the lower house. • The governor and the upper house followed whatever the Britain leaders told them to do; this created conflict with the colonists in the assembly.

15. Voting Rights • Colonial legislatures gave only some people a voice in government. • Only white men who owned property had the right to vote. • Most women, indentured servants, landless, poor, and African Americans could not vote. • Despite the limits, a higher proportion of people were involved in government in the colonies than anywhere in the European World.

16. The Great Awakening • Is the name for the most powerful religious revival that swept over the colonies throughout the 1720s. • Christian ministers preached throughout the colonies, drawing huge crowds. • The Great Awakening had a lasting effect on the way in which the colonists viewed themselves, their relationships with each other, and their faith.

17. Enlightenment Period • Began in Europe and spread the idea that knowledge, reason, and science could improve society. • In the colonies, this period peaked interest in science. • Colonists observed nature, staged experiments, and published their findings. • Benjamin Franklin was the best known American Scientist.

18. Benjamin Franklin 1706 1790

19. Benjamin Franklin’s Contributions • At age 24, he published his Poor Richard’s Almanac, a calendar full of advice, philosophy and wise sayings like: “Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.” • He invented the lightning rod, bifocal glasses, and the Franklin stove for heating. • He served as a statesman and a patriot. He helped guide the colonies toward independence.

20. Freedom of the Press • In 1735, John Peter Zenger of New York Weekly Journal faced charges of libel for printing a critical report about the royal governor of New York. • Andrew Hamilton argued that free speech was a basic right of English people and defended Zenger. • The jury found him not guilty. • This case attracted little attention during this time, but today it is regarded as an important step in the development of a free press in America.