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Conflict in the Colonies

Conflict in the Colonies. Chapter 6. Trouble on the Frontier. Section 1. Relations with American Indians. Chief Massasoit’s son (Metacomet) distrusts & dislikes colonists he feels are greedy for land

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Conflict in the Colonies

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  1. Conflict in the Colonies Chapter 6

  2. Trouble on the Frontier Section 1

  3. Relations with American Indians • Chief Massasoit’s son (Metacomet) distrusts & dislikes colonists he feels are greedy for land • colonists feared Metacomet (King Phillip) & thought his drive to preserve land was a plot against the colonies

  4. Relations with American Indians • King Phillip’s War ~death of 3 Indians in 1675 started a war that spread across New England >various Indian tribes side w/ Metacomet ~colonial militia (civilians serving as soldiers) >both sides attacked settlements killing men, women & children ~long-time Indian trading partners sided against Metacomet >Metacomet, his wife & son were killed, but fighting continued ~ended in 1676 killing 600 colonists & 3,000 Indians

  5. Relations with American Indians • Trade Alliances ~military alliances based on trade >English & French want furs >Indians want tools, weapons & other goods >French allied w/ Algonquian & Huron -more trust than English had >English allied w/ Iroquois

  6. Conflicts with France • King William’s War >1689-1697 >between France & England -fought along frontier border (nothing changed) • Queen Anne’s War >1702-1713 >England vs. France & Spain >raids on frontier towns including Port Royal in Canada & St. Augustine in Florida >England received Nova Scotia, Newfoundland & Hudson Bay from France Raid of Deerfield, Massachusetts in Queen Anne's War

  7. The French & Indian War

  8. Forts in the Ohio Valley • French built forts along rivers & Great Lakes to protect fur trade ~built 3 forts in Ohio Valley (claimed by Virginia) ~Robert Dinwiddie (Virginia’s Lieutenant Governor) sent 21 year old George Washington to warn French to leave in October 1753 >French refuse to leave Robert Dinwiddie became known as Grandfather of the Americas.

  9. The French & Indian War • English colonists meet to discuss crisis plan • Ben Franklin (Pennsylvania) drafted Albany Plan of Union—uniting under a president general & grand council • plan rejected because colonies didn’t want to give up individual authority

  10. The French & Indian War • Fort Necessity ~British troops driven off fork of Ohio River by French >Fort Duquesne built there by French ~Washington sent in & built Fort Necessity >small & crude >suffered many casualties by surrounding French -allowed to retreat w/ his men ~seen as the 1st battle in French & Indian War >known as Seven Years War in Europe Reenactment at Fort Necessity

  11. The French & Indian War • Braddock’s Defeat ~General Edward Braddock sent by King George II >used traditional military tactics—lining up >lacked confidence in militia ~Braddock attacked Fort Duquesne in summer of 1755 >miserably beaten by guerilla war tactics -Braddock died -500 British casualties & 50 French and Indian casualties

  12. The French & Indian War • The Fight for Canada ~French began losing & British gaining Indian allies ~British capture Fort Duquesne & rename it Fort Pitt ~James Wolfe led successful sneak attack on French Canadian capital of Quebec In 1758, three years after the massacre of Braddock's command, Christian Frederic Post arrives at Fort Duquesne to meet with King Beaver and his French ally at the forks of the Ohio.

  13. The Peace Treaty ~fighting continued for 4 more years ~officially ended in 1763 >Britain gained Canada & all French lands east of Mississippi River >Britain gained Florida from Spain (allied w/ France) ~tipped balance of power in North America >Spain became Britain’s only competitor

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