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State the endosymbiotic theory and describe 3 evidence of it.

State the endosymbiotic theory and describe 3 evidence of it. Draw and label the parts of a bacterial cell. Differentiate between Gram + and Gram – cells. Explain the process of conjugation of an Hfr cell. List and describe how organelles are involved in making proteins.

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State the endosymbiotic theory and describe 3 evidence of it.

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  1. State the endosymbiotic theory and describe 3 evidence of it. • Draw and label the parts of a bacterial cell. • Differentiate between Gram + and Gram – cells. • Explain the process of conjugation of an Hfr cell. • List and describe how organelles are involved in making proteins. • Draw and label the parts of a nephron.

  2. In a bag with a selectively permeable membrane you have a solution of 4 % salt and 2 % starch. The bag is permeable to salt but not to starch. You place this in a beaker with distilled water. Draw this system, determine the direction of the movement of various substances and determine the type(s) of transport used. • Describe what happens with a plant cell when it is placed in a hypotonic solution. • Explain the process of osmoregulation in mammals.

  3. Name the transport type for all of the following: • white blood cell engulfs a bacterium as you fight off an infection • Carbon dioxide (a small uncharged gas molecule) enters the lungs (where it is less concentrated) from the blood (where it is more concentrated). • Cells of the stomach wall transport hydrogen ions through a ATP-dependent membrane protein to the inside of the stomach, producing a pH of 1.5. The pH of the cytosol (fluid inside the cells) of stomach wall cells is approximately 7. • The lung cells of a victim who drowned in fresh water are swollen due to water entering the cells. • A Paramecium (a single celled organism) swims into an area of salty water.. The Paramecium shrivels up as it loses water through its cell membrane.

  4. Has 4 M of sucrose and 2 M of glucose Has 2 M of sucrose and 4 M of glucose • What is the tonicity of this system above? • What is moving through the membrane in what direction if the pores are about the size of glucose, but glucose can still fit through them? • Describe osmoregulation in a freshwater fish. • Explain how an annelid performs excretion. • Explain how an arthropod performs excretion. • List three adaptations of animals to prevent dehydration.

  5. Chose one specific cell and explain how its structure changed to better fit its function. • Explain how mitochondria fit to perform their function. • Imagine a cell that has the following measurements: 125 µm high, 1 µm wide and 1 µm long. We can simplify the shape of this as a square column. What would be its surface area to volume ratio? • How would this ratio change if this rectangular shape would be 100 µm on all sides?

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