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Jacksonian Democracy

Jacksonian Democracy. Election of 1828. Jackson vs. Adams 1 st modern campaign Jackson supporters use electioneering techniques Huge public rallies, torchlight parades, barbeques Heavy mudslinging Jackson’s wife accused of bigamy Jackson’s edge—viewed a man of the people

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Jacksonian Democracy

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  1. Jacksonian Democracy

  2. Election of 1828 • Jackson vs. Adams • 1st modern campaign • Jackson supporters use electioneering techniques • Huge public rallies, torchlight parades, barbeques • Heavy mudslinging • Jackson’s wife accused of bigamy • Jackson’s edge—viewed a man of the people • Anti-intellectualism is powerful force in American politics

  3. Jackson the Man • War Hero • Image of a tough frontier man • Turns out to be one of the most forceful and dominating American presidents • Strong-willed, intolerant of opposition, unforgiving of an insult • Frontier background made his tough and resourceful but also inflexible.

  4. Spoils System • Makes extensive use • Appoints supporters to federal jobs • 1st president to acknowledge use and view it as acceptable • Problem—some very questionable appointments—old friends and political supporters

  5. Three Major issues of Jackson presidency • Indian Removal Issues • Nullification Crisis • Bank of the United States

  6. Indian Removal • In Southeast, final crisis between frontier whites and Native Americans • Whites want land from Indian tribes • Supported by state governments • “Civilized Tribes”-Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws and Seminoles • Jackson offers to remove Indians to federal lands west of the Mississippi • Indian Removal Act of 1830

  7. Indian Crisis • Supreme Court sides with Indians • Jackson refuses to support laws • Does nothing as Southern states moved into Indian lands • Believe federal government should defer to States rights on issue • Gives impression that Jackson is universal supporter of state’s rights

  8. Nullification crisis • Southerners upset by Tariff of 1828 • Began to embrace extreme state’s rights position of Nullification • Ability of state to reject a federal law • Believed constitution was agreement among states • States could decide constitutionality of federal laws • Union a voluntary compact • Most extreme—South Carolina

  9. Jackson’s View • Supporter of state’s rights but within permanent union • Indian policy was local issue • Tariff was foreign policy—federal issue • Rejected nullification—carrot and stick • Carrot—asks Congress to lower tariff • Stick—Force Bill • Compromise Tariff of 1933

  10. Bank of United States • Functioned as simple central bank • Provided some control over local banks • Nicolas Biddle • 20 year charter expires in 1836 • Jackson opponent of bank • Vetoes re-charter of bank • No attempt to reform, just kill

  11. Jackson withdraw money • “pet banks” –states banks given US money • Wild Speculation on western lands—controls gone • Summer 1836—Specie Circular • Land purchases must be back with metals • Bank panic • Reflects Jackson’s lack of knowledge

  12. Results of Jackson • Big stamp on American politics • New Political party • Diverse • Favored giving small man a chance.

  13. Opponents of Jackson • Far less organized • Henry Clay provided leadership • 1834—opponents started calling themselves Whigs • Roots—opposed to powerful king

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