Global Navigation Satellite Systems Progress through Cooperation

1. Global Navigation Satellite SystemsProgress through Cooperation Jason Y. Kim, Senior Advisor 13th IAIN World CongressStockholm, Sweden -- October 28, 2009

2. GPS is a Critical Component of the Global Information Infrastructure Satellite Operations Aviation Surveying & Mapping Precision Agriculture Communications Power Grids Disease Control Trucking & Shipping Personal Navigation Fishing & Boating Oil Exploration

3. Keys to the Global Success of GPS • Program Stability and Performance • Policy Stability and Transparency • Private Sector Entrepreneurship and Investment 3

4. The Global Positioning System • Baseline 24 satellite constellation in medium earth orbit • Global coverage, 24 hours a day, all weather conditions • Satellites broadcast precise time and orbit information on L-band radio frequencies • Two types of service: • Standard (free of direct user fees) • Precise (U.S. and Allied military) • Three segments: • Space • Ground control • User equipment

5. GPS Constellation Status 31 Operational SatellitesAs of Oct 27, 2009 (Baseline Constellation: 24) • 12 Block IIA • 12 Block IIR • 7 Block IIR-M • Transmitting new second civil signal • U.S. Government continuously assessing constellation health to determine launch need • Newest IIR-M satellites launched • IIR-20 (M) 24 March 2009 • IIR-21 (M) 17 August 2009 • Next launch: IIF ~ June 2010

6. Increasing System Capabilities w Increasing Defense / Civil Benefit GPS Modernization Program Block IIA/IIR Block IIR-M, IIF Block III • Basic GPS • Standard Service • Single frequency (L1) • Coarse acquisition (C/A) code navigation • Precise Service • Y-Code (L1Y & L2Y) • Y-Code navigation • IIR-M: IIA/IIR capabilities plus • 2nd civil signal (L2C) • M-Code (L1M & L2M) • IIF: IIR-M capability plus • 3rd civil signal (L5) • Anti-jam flex power • Backward compatibility • 4th civil signal (L1C) • Increased accuracy • Increased anti-jam power • Assured availability • Navigation surety • Controlled integrity • Increased security • System survivability

7. Recent GPS Accomplishments • Second civil signal (L2C) • Designed to meet commercial needs • Higher accuracy through ionospheric correction • IIR-20(M) is broadcasting signal now • Third civil signal (L5) • Designed to meet demanding requirements for safety-of-life transportation • Uses highly protected Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service (ARNS) band • IIR-20(M) is broadcasting L5 demo now

8. U.S. Policy Promotes Global Use of GPS Technology • No direct user fees for civil GPS services • Provided on a continuous, worldwide basis • Open, public signal structures for all civil services • Promotes equal access for user equipment manufacturing, applications development, and value-added services • Encourages open, market-driven competition • Global compatibility and interoperability with GPS • Service improvements for civil, commercial, and scientific users worldwide • Protection of radionavigation spectrum from disruption and interference

9. Defense Transportation State Interior NATIONALEXECUTIVE COMMITTEEFOR SPACE-BASED PNT Executive Steering Group Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation ADVISORY BOARD Sponsor: NASA Agriculture Commerce NATIONAL COORDINATION OFFICE Host: Commerce Homeland Security Joint Chiefs of Staff NASA GPS International Working Group Chair: State Engineering Forum Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation U.S. Space-Based PNT Organization Structure WHITE HOUSE Ad HocWorking Groups

10. 2009 Leadership & Personnel • National Executive Committee Co-Chairs • Deputy Secretary of Defense: William J. Lynn, III • Deputy Secretary of Transportation: John D. Porcari • National Coordination Office Staff • Director: Vacant • Deputy Director: Robert Hessin • Defense: Scott Boushell • Transportation: Ken Alexander • State: Maureen Walker • Commerce: Jason Kim, KnuteBerstis • NASA: Brian Ramsay • Homeland Security: John Merrill* • Interior and Agriculture: Vacant • Contractors: David Vaughn, Steve Sidorek

11. National Space-Based PNT Advisory Board • Independent experts from outside the U.S. Government • Including five international members • Conducts assessments and makes recommendations in support of national policy goals and objectives • Meetings open to the public; minutes published online • Next meeting: November 5-6, 2009 (Alexandria, VA)

12. U.S. Objectives in Working with Other GNSS Service Providers • Ensure compatibility ― ability of U.S. and non-U.S. space-based PNT services to be used separately or together without interfering with each individual service or signal • Radio frequency compatibility • Spectral separation between M-code and other signals • Achieve interoperability ― ability of civil U.S. and non-U.S. space-based PNT services to be used together to provide the user better capabilities than would be achieved by relying solely on one service or signal • Primary focus on the common L1C and L5 signals • Promote a level playing field in the global marketplace U.S. pursuing through public sector cooperation, both bilateral and multilateral

13. International Public Sector Cooperation • Bilateral • Europe • Russia • Japan • India • Others • Multilateral • International Committee on GNSS • Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation • ICAO, IMO, ITU 13

14. U.S.–Europe Cooperation • GPS-Galileo cooperation agreement signed in 2004 • Four working groups established: • Compatibility/Interoperability • Trade • Next-Generation GNSS • Security • Improved civil signal (“MBOC”) jointly adopted in 2007 • Plenary meeting held Oct 2008 • U.S. seeking EC authorization of commercial Galileo simulator sales

15. Other U.S. Bilateral Cooperation • U.S.–Japan Joint Statement on GPS cooperation signed in 1998 • Established foundation for stable policy leading to Japan as a global leader in commercial GPS/GNSS markets • Japan’s Quasi Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) designed to be fully compatible and highly interoperable with GPS • U.S. working with Japan to set up QZSS monitoring stations in Hawaii and Guam in exchange for data access • U.S.–Russia Joint Statement issued in 2004 • Negotiations for a U.S.–Russia Agreement on satellite navigation cooperation underway since late 2005 • Considering new civil CDMA signals to be interoperable with GPS/Galileo • U.S.–India Joint Statement on GNSS Cooperation in 2007 • Important topic is ionospheric distortion/solutions to this phenomena • Technical meetings focused on GPS-IRNSS compatibility and interoperability held in 2008 15

16. International Committee on GNSS • Promotes GNSS use and integration into infrastructures, particularly in developing countries • Encourages system compatibility, interoperability • Membership: GNSS providers, international organizations and associations • Providers Forum • United States, Europe, Russia, China, India, Japan • Focused discussions on compatibility, interoperability • Next meeting: May 2010 in Turin, Italy

17. Private Sector Competition • U.S. encourages fair private sector competition in GNSS receiver and application markets • Leads to greater innovation, lower costs • Fair competition means no preferential treatment for any particular company(s) • Equal (if not open) access to information and markets • Freedom of choice desired for end users • Standards and other governmental measures should not effectively mandate use of one GNSS over another • U.S. agreements with other GNSS providers include language on fair trade/open markets (non-discriminatory) 17

18. Summary • GPS is highly dependable and its performance continues to improve • U.S. policy encourages worldwide use of civil GPS and augmentations • Space-based PNT policy implementation continues to progress • Policy stability and transparency improve industry confidence and investment • As new systems emerge globally, public sector cooperation is the key to success for all

19. For Additional Information… GPS.gov PNT.gov

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