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Cell Structure and Function Comparison | Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic Cells

Explore and compare cellular organelles in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Test your knowledge with practice questions on cell components, division, and functions.

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Cell Structure and Function Comparison | Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic Cells

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  1. Biology End of Course PRACTICE QUESTIONS

  2. Standard 1: Cells • CLE 3210.1.1 Compare the structure and function of cellular organelles in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

  3. Watch this video before answering the following questions.

  4. Protein synthesis occurs on which cellular organelle? • A. Chloroplast • B. Ribosome • C. Mitochondrion • D. Nucleus Click here for help on this question.

  5. Which is the most accurate description of a eukaryotic cell? • A. Moves using cilia • B. Contains a nucleus • C. Produces food by photosynthesis • D. Reproduces only by binary fission Click here for help on this question.

  6. Cytokinesis • Complete the following analogy. animal cell : cleavage furrow :: ________ cytokinesis. Division of the cytoplasmic components is called In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs when a ring of actin and myosin filaments constricts the plasma membrane at the equator. This is called a cleavage furrow. Eventually, the parent cell is divided into two cells. a. Plant cell : cell wall b. Plant cell : chromosome c. Plant cell : mitosis d. Plant cell: cell plate In plant cells, a number of small vesicles fuse at the metaphase plate to form the cell plate. Over time, the cell plate reaches across the cell and joins with the plasma membrane.

  7. Which of these features would not be found in an animal cell? • A. Nucleus • B. Chloroplasts • C. Cytoplasm • D. Mitochondria Click here for help on this question.

  8. Two cells are shown below. Which statement correctly identifies the cells? • A. Cell 1 is prokaryotic; cell 2 is eukaryotic • B. Cell 1 is eukaryotic; cell 2 is prokaryotic • C. Both cells are prokaryotic • D. Both cells are eukaryotic Cell 1 Cell 2 Click here for help on this question.

  9. Food, water, and cellular wastes are stored primarily in the • A. Nucleus • B. Vacuole • C. Chloroplasts • D. Mitochondria Click here for help on this question.

  10. Which organelle makes food for the plant? • A. Chloroplast • B. Ribosome • C. Vacuole • D. Nucleus Click here for help on this question.

  11. Upon observing a microscope slide, you see a rectangular shaped structure with several green organelles and a large vacuole. What are you observing? • A. An animal cell • B. A plant cell • C. A blood cell • D. A single cell bacterium Click here for help on this question.

  12. Rachel observes cell division taking place on a slide she had prepared. She notices a cell plate forming. What type of cell is she observing? • A. Onion • B. Frog • C. Amoeba • D. Bacteria http://iknow.net/cell_div_education.html Scroll down the page and read the section on cytokinesis.

  13. • Which of the following is a major difference between plant and animal cells? – A. Plant cells have chloroplasts and animal cells do not – B. Plant cells have cell membranes and animal cells have cell walls – C. Plant cells have centrioles and animal cells do not – D. Plant cells have mitochondria and animal cells do not. Click here for help on this question.

  14. • The cell part responsible for releasing energy for cellular use is the __________. – A. Golgi apparatus – B. Mitochondria – C. Chloroplast – D. Ribosome Click here for help on this question.

  15. • Which of these organelles uses light energy to produce sugar? – A. Chloroplast – B. Vacuole – C. Nucleus – D. Mitochondria Click here for help on this question.

  16. • Which of these organelles modifies cell products and then packages them for distribution? – A. Nucleus – B. Cell membrane – C. Mitochondrion – D. Golgi apparatus Click here for help on this question.

  17. • Which two structures are not present in animal cells? – A. Vacuole and nucleus – B. Cell wall and chloroplasts – C. Golgi apparatus and mitochondria – D. Endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasm Click here for help on this question.

  18. Which structure is part of a cell’s skeleton? • A. Golgi apparatus • B. Endoplasmic reticulum • C. Mitochondria • D. Microfilaments Click here for help on this question.

  19. How is the plasma membrane of a cell organized? • A. One layer of phospholipids, through which proteins freely move • B. One layer of phospholipids, which are laid out end to end, with a hydrophobic tail touching a hydrophilic head • C. Two layers of phospholipids, each of which had its hydrophilic side turned inward • D. Two layers of phospholipids, with their polar hydrophilic heads facing away from each other Click here to view an animation of the plasma membrane.

  20. In which structure would you find a nucleus? • A. Bacterial cell • B. Plant cell • C. Prokaryote • D. Virus Click here for help on this question.

  21. Which statement would not be included in a summary of the cell theory? • A. The cell is the basic unit of organization • B. All cells contain a nucleus that controls cell division • C. All organisms are made up of at least one cell • D. All cells come from preexisting cells Click here to read the cell theory.

  22. Which cell organelle contains coded directions for the production of proteins? • A. Endoplasmic reticulum • B. Lysosome • C. Golgi apparatus • D. Nucleus Click here for help on this question.

  23. In animal cells, the endoplasmic reticulum serves as a channel for the transport of materials through the cell. The outer surface of the endoplasmic reticulum may be smooth or rough. Which cell structures cause the outer surface of endoplasmic reticulum to appear rough? • A. Ribosomes • B. Transport proteins • C. Mitochondria • D. Golgi bodies Click here for help on this question.

  24. • In which cell organelle is food made for the plant? – A. Chloroplast – B. Golgi – C. Vacuole – D. Mitochondrion Click here for help on this question.

  25. The plant cell below contains 2 nuclei and is about to complete its division into two separate cells. The arrow is pointing to a structure in the middle of the parent cell. What is this structure? • A. Centriole • B. Cell plate • C. Chromosome • D. Cleavage furrow http://iknow.net/cell_div_education.html Scroll down the page and read the section on cytokinesis.

  26. Standard 1: Cells • CLE 3210.1.2 Distinguish among the structure and function of the four major organic macromolecules found in living things.

  27. Click below to watch the video before answering the next set of questions.

  28. Amino acids are a structural component of which macromolecule? • A. Lipids • B. Proteins • C. Carbohydrates • D. Nucleic acids Click here for an animation to help you answer this question.

  29. When Benedict’s solution is added to an unknown substance and then heated in a hot water bath, the solution turns orange-brown in color. This indicates the presence of which molecule? • A. Lipids • B. Proteins • C. Carbohydrates • D. Nucleic acids Click here for help on this question.

  30. • What type of organic molecule is represented by the figure? + + + Fatty acid Fatty acid Fatty acid glycerol a. Carbohydrate b. Lipid c. Protein d. Nucleic acid Click here for help on this question.

  31. Hemoglobin is a biological molecule that holds oxygen in the red blood cells of the human body. What type of biological molecule is hemoglobin? • A. Carbohydrate • B. Lipid • C. Protein • D. Nucleic acid Click here for help on this question.

  32. Look at the following diagram. Which biological molecule is represented in this structural diagram? glucose galactose • A. Protein • B. Carbohydrate • C. Lipid • D. Nucleic acid Click here for help with this question.

  33. What organic compound is shown in the diagram? • A. Lipid • B. DNA • C. Protein • D. RNA Click here for more information on the answer.

  34. A student tests an unknown colorless solution for the presence of sugars, starches, lipids, and proteins. The results are shown in the table below. Based on the data collected, which molecules are present in the unknown solution? Unknown Solution Results • A. Starches and lipids • B. Proteins and starches • C. Sugars and proteins • D. Lipids and proteins Testing Indicator Observation Iodine Unknown solution turned from colorless to reddish brown Unknown solution turned by colorless to orange Benedict’s Solution Biuret’s Solution Unknown solution turned from colorless to purple Brown Paper Bag No mark left; unknown solution dried completely Need help? Click for more information.

  35. Antibodies are composed primarily of amino acids. In which class of biomolecules would antibodies belong? • A. Nucleic acids • B. Carbohydrates • C. Proteins • D. Lipids Click here for help.

  36. Students conducted an investigation using Biuret reagent to determine the presence of proteins in different foods. The results are shown in the table below. According to the data, which foods tested by the students contained proteins? For Biuret’s test For protein. Positive color result • A. Honey and potato • B. Potato and chicken broth • C. Cottage cheese and water • D. Cottage cheese and yogurt Test for Proteins Substance Color after adding Biuret Reagent Purple/lavender Cottage cheese Potato Dark blue Water Light blue Chicken Broth Dark purple Yogurt Light purple Honey blue

  37. Which molecules store and transmit genetic information? • A. Lipids • B. Proteins • C. Nucleic acids • D. Carbohydrates Click here help on this question.

  38. Test tube Color after adding Lugol’s iodine solution Lugol’s iodine solution was added to three test tubes to test for the presence of starch. The data is shown in the chart. Which test tube or tubes contain starch? – A. 1 only – B. 2 only – C. 2 and 3 – D. 1 and 3 • 1 Blue-black Apple— Negative for starch 2 Yellow-brown 3 Black Potato— Positive for starch

  39. The basic structure of an organic molecule is shown below. What type of molecule is this? glucose glucose • A. A lipid • B. A protein • C. A nucleic acid • D. A carbohydrate Click here for an explanation of the answer.

  40. Which is not true of lipids? • A. They are commonly called fats and oils • B. They are hydrophobic • C. They are good for energy storage • D. They are polar Click here for an explanation of the answer.

  41. Which is true about enzymes? • A. They act on nonspecific, randomly chosen substrates • B. After a reaction, they cannot be reused • C. They can speed up metabolic processes in the body • D. They cannot change shape Click here for an explanation of the answer.

  42. Which biomolecule contains nitrogenous bases? • A. Lipid • B. Nucleic acid • C. Carbohydrate • D. Protein Click here for an explanation of the answer.

  43. What kinds of molecules carry the instructions for protein synthesis? • A. DNA and RNA • B. Amino acids • C. Lipids and carbohydrates • D. Enzymes

  44. Standard 1: Cells • CLE 3210.1.3 Describe how enzymes regulate chemical reactions in the body.

  45. Click below to watch the video segment.

  46. How does the reduction in activation energy by an enzyme affect a chemical reaction? • A. The products are not stable • B. The reaction proceeds at a faster rate • C. Less energy is gained from the reaction • D. The reaction is less efficient when the enzyme is present NO ENZYME ENZYME

  47. Which of these is a substance that controls a chemical reaction without becoming part of the product? • A. Sugar • B. Starch • C. A lipid • D. An enzyme Enzymes are not used up in the reactions they catalyze. Each individual enzyme can carry out the same reaction hundreds of times. Enzymes are like tools. A hammer can be used to pound thousands of nails,, but it does not become part of the structure that a person is building.

  48. The enzyme catalase is involved in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. During this reaction, the catalase • A. Is unchanged • B. Is used up • C. Is changed into a new product • D. Is formed into a new enzyme Catalase is one of the most potent catalysts known. The reactions it catalyses are crucial to life. Catalase catalyses conversion of Hydrogen Peroxide, a powerful and potentially harmful oxidizing agent, to water and molecular oxygen. Catalase also uses Hydrogen Peroxide to oxidise toxins including Phenols, Formic Acid, Formaldehyde and Alcohols.

  49. Which best explains the function of enzymes in the body? • A. Enzymes are converted into products by the reactions they catalyze. • B. Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions. • C. One enzyme can catalyze many different reactions. • D. An enzyme is used once and then destroyed by a cell. Click here for additional information on the answer.

  50. Which best explains the role of enzymes in a chemical reaction? • A. Absorb excess energy • B. Release unused energy • C. Increase the reaction rate • D. Regulate product reactivity Click here for additional information on the answer.

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