Theories of Governance and Political Economy

1. Theories of Governance and Political Economy PIA 2000 Introduction to Public Affairs

2. http://video.google.com/videosearch?q=Huey+P.+Long&hl=en&emb=0&aq=f#http://video.google.com/videosearch?q=Huey+P.+Long&hl=en&emb=0&aq=f#

3. Structural Characteristics

4. The Structure and Process of Management- An Overview of Issues • Structural Characteristics- Unit for Comparison (Jreisat). • Processes (Peters) • Within Unit Comparison • Policy Debates (Lemman) • Dysfunction (Klitgaard)

5. Origins

6. Systems and Processes of Government: Focus of the Day • The Rational Model • Authoritarian • Mobilizing Regime- Party Dominant • Fused- Cabinet Government • Separation of Powers- “Congressional” • Federal vs. Unitary • Territorial (Cantonal) vs. Corporate • Corruption and the Problem of Efficiency

7. Ferrel Heady Died August 16, 2006 Author of the Week: Ferrel Heady, “Father” of Comparative Public Administration. • 1916-2006

8. I. Ideal Types and Bureaucracies 1. Not reality: eg. Model Airplane 2. A kind of Model 3. Deviations can be measured 4. Method: By comparison to the model

10. Black and White not Grey An Ideal Type Matrix

11. Shared Characteristics of Ideal Type of Bureaucracy: The Legal Rational Model • Organization highly differentiated • Rational decisions and procedures • High activity levels and efficiency • Power and authority are legitimate • Popular involvement and acceptance of procedures and decisions

12. Title of Image: Rationality “What is wrong with this Picture?”

13. The Legal-Rational Model (Redeux) a. Merit Selection b. Hierarchy- Chain of Command c. Division of Labor and functional specialization d. Administrative work: full time, no sinecures e. Contractual agreement f. Professional or technical training

14. The Rationality Debate • Scientific Management: Time and Motion- (Taylor) • Human Resource Management: Social Comfort-Hawthorne Experiments

15. “Scientific management is a theory of management that analizes and synthesizes workflows, with the objective of improving labor productivity” Taylor

16. Human Relations School • Hawthorne Study: he Hawthorne effect - an increase in worker productivity produced by the psychological stimulus of being singled out and made to feel important and improved work. • “The Hawthorn Effect” The term was coined in 1955 by Henry A. Landsberger when analysing older experiments from 1924-1932 at the Hawthorne Works (a Western Electric factory outside Chicago).

17. Hawthorne Factory

18. Holland “Very Impressive, my colleague....but does it also work in theory”

19. Processes

20. Politics vs. Administration • From the World of Samuel P. HuntingtonPolitical Order in Changing Societies

21. 2. Authoritarian-Submission to Authority and Demand for Conformance

22. Criticism of Administrative Systems 1. Bureaucracy as Authoritarian a. Subject**** b. Citizen c. Customer

23. Structures and Processes….

24. Burma 2008

25. Party Cadres

26. Authoritarianism and Ideology “Red vs. Expert”

27. Party Dominance: “Red vs. Expert” • Pluralist Systems- Interest Group with experts Have Access Issues • Dominant Party Regimes- defacto of de jure “no party states” • Mobilization Regimes: Populist vs. Leninist • Totalitarian Regimes: Fascist vs. Communist

28. 3. Mobilizing Regime: Party Dominant

29. Social Mobilization vs. Social Engineering

30. Defined • “Social mobilization is the process of mobilizing all societal and personal influences with the aim of prompting individual, family, group or societal level action”

31. Bureaucratic Dominant Systems • Traditional • Personalist/Charismatic • Unstable Pendulum Regimes • Administrative States/Organizational Bourgeoisie • Military Regimes • Mobilizing Regimes

32. Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 1883- 28 April 1945)

33. 4. Fused- Cabinet System

35. 5. Separation of Powers- Congressional

36. 6. Federal vs. Unity Federalism- Layer Cake vs. Marble Cake (Dresang and Gosling Marble Cake Layer Cake

37. 7. Territorial (Cantonal) vs. Corporate- Unitary

38. Unitary Systems of Government Geographical- Unity Corporate- Democratic or Authoritarian

39. Coffee Break Ten Minutes

40. Corruption • May 17, 2009 ... The accusations of corruption “hurts Pittsburgh,” said Mr. Ravenstahl, who has focused most of his attention on Mr. Dowd's attacks. • Impairment of integrity, virtue, or moral principle • In broad terms, political corruption is the misuse of public office for private gain.

41. 8. Corruption and the Problem of Efficiency

42. Corruption and the “New Public Management” • Dysfunctionalism- The “Yes Minister” TV Series and Franz Kafka • Corruption and Culture-Robert Klitgaard (Claremont Graduate University) • Bashing Bureaucrats: Bob Miewald (University of Nebraska) and (Michael Barzeley, London School of Economics)

43. The Call for Reform

44. Dysfunctions

45. Not Corruption but Criticism The Bureaucracy as Controlling a. The Perfect Library- No books checked out b. Tied up in Red Tape- The red ribbon which ties up files in U.K. c. Standard Operating Procedures

46. Bureaurat Bashing George Wallace” “They are all burro crats”

48. Reform or Rhetoric Debates

49. Reforming the Public Sector • Civil Service Reform: Exchequer • Administrative Reform- includes Parastatals • Structural Reforms- Organizational Focus • Policy Reforms- Focus on state functions • Organizational and Motivational Reforms

50. Development Management vs. Management Development (Developing States) • Shortage of Skilled Professionals • Structures Imported and “imitative” of classical European Structures • Personalization of public sector actions • Formalism rather than realism • Lack of Operational opportunity