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CSC detector requirements and perfomance

Detailed overview of the TOTEM T1 detector, including general requirements, structure, design, production, read-out methods, and key performance parameters such as efficiency, noise, and resolution. The text includes information on the chamber design, mechanical support, services, and test procedures conducted at CERN and Genova.

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CSC detector requirements and perfomance

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  1. CSC detector requirementsand perfomance Enrico Robutti I.N.F.N. Genova TOTEM T1 Engineering Design Review CERN, March 7, 2006

  2. The T1 telescope • Main physics context: measurement of the total pp cross section • Primary goal: detect particles from inelastic scattering processes (including single-diffractive and double-diffractive events) in the region 3.1 < |h| < 4.7 IP • Placed inside the CMS muon end-caps, around the conical section of the beam pipe at h = 4.9 7.5 m 10.5 m T1 CMS muon end-caps TOTEM T1 EDR, March 7, 2005

  3. General requirements • Large geometrical (h-f) acceptance in the allocated region • At “TOTEM” running conditions (up to 1030 cm–2s–1): • Close to full efficiency • Trigger capabilities • Bunch crossing determination (≥ 75 ns - spaced bunches) • Machine background rejection  vertexing capabilities good position resolution • Radiation-tolerant detector and read-out electronics • At “CMS” running conditions (first three years at ~1033 cm–2s–1): • Resistance to aging (with chambers mostly off) TOTEM T1 EDR, March 7, 2005

  4. General structure • Two symmetric arms, each with five planes of multi-wire proportional chambers with cathode strip read-out (CSC) • split in two half-arms, independently sliding on the support structure • Each plane made up of 6 independent trapezoidal CSC: • overlapping edges to have complete azimuthal coverage; • planes slightly rotated with respect to each other TOTEM T1 EDR, March 7, 2005

  5. Mechanical support and services • A support structure with rails will be fixed to the CMS end-cap • A mounting tool with counterweight will be used for insertion • External structures (one per each half-arm) will be used to support the detector outside CMS and to provide all services (HV, gas, electronics routing) through a platform TOTEM T1 EDR, March 7, 2005

  6. Chamber design y u v • Design similar to CMS muon chambers • Chamber volumes: • 10 mm gap; • 10 different sizes (two smaller chambers in each plane to make place for rails) • Anodes: • 30 mm Ø gold-plated tungsten wires; • pitch: 3 mm; • tension: 120 g • Cathodes: • gold-plated copper strips on both planes at ±60° • pitch: 5 mm; • Gas: • Ar/CO2/CF4 mix (possibly same as CMS) TOTEM T1 EDR, March 7, 2005

  7. Chamber mechanical structure honeycomb panel to ensure rigidity ground plane gas frame G11 external framewith gas lines cathode plane PCB with cathode strips and anode HV and R/O lines wire-holder PCB with wire connections TOTEM T1 EDR, March 7, 2005

  8. Chamber production honeycomb panels cathode and ground planes gas and wire panels gas frames chamber assembly/QC full test wire-holders wire electrical components etc • Suitable Companies have been found for production of all chamber components • Chamber assembly and QC will be done at PNPI in Gatchina, Russia PNPI CERN External Companies TOTEM T1 EDR, March 7, 2005

  9. Chamber read-out • All wires and strips read out independently (only some outer wires might be grouped for convenience) • Both wires and strips will be read out digitally • A peak-finding algorithm (à la CMS) will be used to increase cathode-view resolution and separate nearby hits • Trigger primitives formed from h-wise groups of wires TOTEM T1 EDR, March 7, 2005

  10. Chamber parameters General parameters Chamber-specific parameters (only “large” chambers) TOTEM T1 EDR, March 7, 2005

  11. CERN test beam, 2003-2004 • Four (three in 2003) large CSC (from different productions) • Gas mix Ar50%/CO250% • 120-GeV pion beam with different bunch patterns • Anode read-out based on CMS electronics (digital); cathode read-out based on ALICE electronics (analogic) TOTEM T1 EDR, March 7, 2005

  12. Genova test stand • Quick change of configuration of prototype chambers • Ar/CO2 or Ar/CO2/CF4 gas mix available • Direct inspection of signals through digital scopes • Now equipped with hardware/software tools from Alice for read-out of a whole chamber • Used for both detector and electronics test TOTEM T1 EDR, March 7, 2005

  13. Anode and cathode signals Gas mix Ar50%/CO250%; HV: 3.3 kV anode cathodes TOTEM T1 EDR, March 7, 2005

  14. Gas gain • The gas gain can be calculated from the measured deposited charge on cathodes: TOTEM T1 EDR, March 7, 2005

  15. Efficiency and signal/noise • Clear plateau regions show up in both anode and cathode efficiency • The working point can be chosen by looking at the efficiency as a function of S/N Anode efficiency Cathode efficiency vs. S/N Cathode efficiency (threshold 3sped) TOTEM T1 EDR, March 7, 2005

  16. Time resolution • Measurements done with TDC in test beam • Jitter for single wire ~100 ns • Better time determination by use of coincidence logic Time distribution for second wire in 3/3 coincidence Single wire time distribution TOTEM T1 EDR, March 7, 2005

  17. Position resolution • Best u-view resolution obtained in test beam with the “center of mass” method for the strips is ~0.4 mm • If digital readout with half strip determination is used, expected resolution is (5 mm)/√12 ~ 0.7 mm • Preliminary results from simulation: • half-strip peak finder  su ~ 0.7 mm; • fully digital (whole clusters)  su ~ 1.5 mm; • substantial improvement in hit loss and ghost hit rejection with half-strip method in high multiplicity events TOTEM T1 EDR, March 7, 2005

  18. Chamber ageing • Recent particle flux calculations by M. Huhtinen  (integrated charge) / wire for 3 years at L = 1032 cm–2s–1 (gain 3 103):(dQ/dl)max ~ 1.5  10–3 C/cm; • Studies on CMS chambers:1 cm gap CSC, Ar30%/CO250%/CF420% mix, 50 mm  wires: • After 13.6 C/cm: gain stable ( wires OK); current increased (cathode deposit) • Studies on LHCb chambers:5 mm gap MWPC, Ar40%/CO240%/CF420% mix, 30 mm  wires: • After 0.5 C/cm: currents stable;wires OK;small surface defects from fluorine •  there seems to be a safety margin for T1 • However PNPI will conduct dedicated tests on prototype chambers TOTEM T1 EDR, March 7, 2005

  19. Summary • Detector choice for T1: large cathode strip chambers with 3-view read-out • well known technology; • meet low-luminosity running requirements • Several prototypes built: • performances measured on test beam; • working test stand in Genova • Chamber design finalized: • production in PNPI; • actual running parameters to be tuned on pre-production chambers TOTEM T1 EDR, March 7, 2005

  20. Extra slides

  21. Chamber assembly TOTEM T1 EDR, March 7, 2005

  22. Gas frame TOTEM T1 EDR, March 7, 2005

  23. Gas panel TOTEM T1 EDR, March 7, 2005

  24. Wire-holder TOTEM T1 EDR, March 7, 2005

  25. Wire panel TOTEM T1 EDR, March 7, 2005

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