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NCFE Prep

NCFE Prep. The 1925 trial of John T. Scopes reflects the conflict between A-Science and religion B-Isolationism and international involvement C-Traditional roles and new roles of women D-Prohibition and organized crime. Day 41 Agenda. NCFE Prep 4.4 GN: 20s pop culture & women

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NCFE Prep

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  1. NCFE Prep • The 1925 trial of John T. Scopes reflects the conflict between • A-Science and religion • B-Isolationism and international involvement • C-Traditional roles and new roles of women • D-Prohibition and organized crime

  2. Day 41 Agenda • NCFE Prep • 4.4 GN: 20s pop culture & women • Independent practice: prohibition & Scopes Trial

  3. Prosperity, Depression, & The New Deal American History II - Unit 4 Mr. Mallory

  4. Review • What was the Great Migration? • 1910-1930 – mov’t of blacks to northern cities looking for jobs and escaping the Jim Crow South • What did Marcus Garvey encourage blacks in America to do? • Return to Africa, help native people throw off white colonial oppressors, and build independent nations • What was the Harlem Renaissance? • 1920s literary and artistic mov’t celebrating African American culture • What were themes expressed by artists and authors in during the Harlem Renaissance? • Pride in African American heritage • Emphasized the trials of being black in a white dominated world

  5. 4.5 – 1920s Pop Culture & Women A New American Society

  6. School Enrollment • By 1926, 4 million students attended high school • Only 1 million in 1914 • No longer only for college-bound students • 1920s - higher education standards for industry jobs  vocational training courses • More tax money devoted to public schooling  better facilities, teachers, and courses

  7. Enrollment in high schools quadrupled between 1914 and 1926

  8. WE INTERRUPT THIS POWERPOINT FOR A LOOK AT SOME OF BART SIMPSON’S FUNNIEST SENTENCES HE WROTE ON THE SCHOOL BLACKBOARD

  9. I am not authorized to fire substitute teachers. I will not spank others. I will not aim for the head. I will not barf unless I'm sick. I will not expose the ignorance of the faculty. I saw nothing unusual in the teacher's lounge. I will not conduct my own fire drills. Funny noises are not funny. I will not snap bras. I will not fake seizures. This punishment is not boring and pointless. My name is not Dr. Death. I will not defame New Orleans. I will not prescribe medication. I will not bury the new kid. I will not teach others to fly. I will not bring sheep to class. A burp is not an answer. Teacher is not a leper. Coffee is not for kids. I will not eat things for money. I will not yell "She's Dead" at roll call. The principal's toupee is not a Frisbee. I will not call the principal "spud head." Goldfish don't bounce. Mud is not one of the 4 food groups. No one is interested in my underpants. I will not sell miracle cures. I will return the seeing-eye dog. I do not have diplomatic immunity.

  10. Organ transplants are best left to professionals. The Pledge of Allegiance does not end with "Hail Satan." I will not celebrate meaningless milestones. There are plenty of businesses like show business. Five days is not too long to wait for a gun. I will not waste chalk. I will not skateboard in the halls. I will not instigate revolution. I will not draw naked ladies in class. I did not see Elvis. I will not call my teacher "Hot Cakes." Garlic gum is not funny. They are laughing at me, not with me. I will not yell "Fire" in a crowded classroom. I will not fake my way through life. Tar is not a plaything. I will not Xerox my butt. It's potato, not potatoe. I will not trade pants with others. I am not a 32 year old woman. I will not do that thing with my tongue. I will not drive the principal's car. I will not pledge allegiance to Bart. I will not sell school property. I will not burp in class. I will not cut corners. I will not get very far with this attitude. I will not belch the National Anthem. I will not sell land in Florida. I will not grease the monkey bars. I will not hide behind the Fifth Amendment.

  11. I will not do anything bad ever again. I will not show off. I will not sleep through my education. I am not a dentist. Spitwads are not free speech. Nobody likes sunburn slappers. High explosives and school don't mix. I will not bribe Principal Skinner. I will not squeak chalk. I will finish what I started. I will not use abbrev. "Bart Bucks" are not legal tender. Underwear should be worn on the inside. The Christmas Pageant does not stink. I will not torment the emotionally frail. I will not whittle hall passes out of soap. Wedgies are unhealthy for children and other living things. I do not have power of attorney over first graders. I am not the reincarnation of Sammy Davis Jr. I am not certified to remove asbestos. "Bagman" is not a legitimate career choice. I will not retransmit without the express permission of Major League Baseball. I will remember to take my medication. The boys room is not a water park. Beans are neither fruit nor musical. Nerve gas is not a toy. "Bewitched" does not promote Satanism. The First Amendment does not cover burping. Ralph won't "morph" if you squeeze him hard enough. Cursive writing does not mean what I think it does. No one wants to hear my armpits.

  12. Expanding News Coverage • 1920s – large increase in newspaper/magazine circulation • Increased education  increased literacy rate • Writers and editors continued to write sensationalized stories • National chains swallowed up local papers – more expansive coverage from large cities (domestic and foreign news) • By the end of the 1920s, 10 US papers/magazines boasted a circulation of over 2 million each

  13. EXPANDING NEWS COVERAGE • As literacy increased, newspaper circulation rose and mass-circulation magazines flourished

  14. Radio Comes of Age • 1920s – the radio became the most powerful communications medium • Quicker distribution of information and news • Entertainment programming – music, variety shows • Advertising • Shared American experience

  15. 1920s Leisure • More money and time  more leisure and entertainment • 1929 – Americans spent $4.5B on entertainment • Ever-changing fads • Crossword puzzles, dominoes • Flagpole sitting, dance marathons The Charleston • Spectator sports

  16. Sports Heroes • Increased focus on spectator sports and obsession with sports stars • Many Americans valued the rags-to-riches stories of many of these athletes – played on the American belief in the power of the individual to improve his/her life

  17. AMERICAN HEROES OF THE 20s • Babe Ruth was a larger than life American hero who played for Yankees • He hit 60 homers in 1927 • called shot

  18. Lindbergh’s Flight • Charles Lindbergh – piloted the 1st solo nonstop transatlantic flight in 1927 • Upon returning to US - NYC parade in his honor with ticker-tape, met POTUS Coolidge, celebrity status • Beloved for his modesty in an era of sensationalism, excess, and crime • 1930s – inspired by Lindbergh, Amelia Earhart made her transatlantic flights

  19. 1920s Entertainment and Arts • Movies – means of escape through romance and comedy • The Jazz Singer – 1927, 1st movie with sound • Steamboat Willie – 1928, Walt Disney, 1st animated movie with sound • 1930 – “talkies” 2x movie attendance, millions of viewers/week

  20. 1920s Entertainment and Arts • Rise of American playwrights and composers • The Hairy Ape – Eugene O’Neill, focused on post-WWI American isolationism and confusion • George Gershwin – American composer who mixed traditional classical music with American jazz elements • Painters appealed to new American realities and dreams • Edward Hopper – painted empty streets and solitary people in cities • Georgia O’Keeffe – intensely colored images of NYC

  21. A New Style of Music • Jazz music became very popular in the 1920s. • African-American artists. • Louis Armstrong • Bessie Smith (singer)

  22. 1920s Writers

  23. THE LOST GENERATION • Some writers such as Hemingway and John Dos Passos were so soured by American culture that they chose to settle in Europe • In Paris they formed a group that one writer called, “The Lost Generation” John Dos Passos self – portrait. He was a good amateur painter.

  24. The 1920s Woman • 1920s – pull of cities, changing attitudes, pleasure-loving attitudes  women asserted independence, rejected the values of 19th century, demanded same freedoms as men • Flapper – young women of the 1920s that behaved and dressed in a radical fashion • Fashionable – short finger-wave hair, waist-less dress above the knee, nude silk stockings, pumps, strings of shiny beads • Assertive – smoking cigarettes, drinking in public, danced without reservation, desired equal partnership in marriage (still child-rearing and housework were women’s duties)

  25. THE TWENTIES WOMAN • Women were becoming more independent • right to vote • more employment • freedom of the auto) Chicago 1926

  26. The 1920s Woman • Most women were not “flappers” – more of a symbol of rebellious youth in the 1920s • A double-standard still existed for women. • Women encouraged to be fashionable, sexy, and alluring BUT… • Men enjoyed more sexual freedom and looser social standards • Women torn between wanting equality, but also acting within socially acceptable standards

  27. The 1920s Woman zelda • F. Scott Fitzgerald’s wife Zelda Sayre Fitzgerald became a model for women who wanted to break away from traditions. • Served as the inspiration for Fitzgerald’s independent, wild, ambitious female characters • Copied directly from their letters and writings • Famous and envied 1920s couple • Her own writing aspirations were stifled by motherhood “Rogue means that women want to choose their man – not take what lives in the next house… Look back over the pages of history and see how the loveliness of women has always stirred men – and nations – on to great achievement! There have been women who were not pretty, who have swayed hearts and empire, but these women… did not disdain that thing for which paint and powder stands. They wanted to choose their destinies – to be successful competitors in the great game of life.” – Zelda Fitzgerald

  28. New Careers for Women • 1920s – Post WWI industries still booming, but pushed out of WWI jobs (given to men)  new jobs • “women’s professions” …..? • Teachers • Nurses • Librarians • flight attendants • Office work – record-keeping, typists, filing clerks, secretaries, stenographers, office-machine operators

  29. New Careers for Women • By 1930, 10 million women in workforce • Few women in managerial jobs • Earned less than men for same work • Patterns of discrimination, inequality, and harassment in the workplace were established

  30. Changing Family Dynamics • 1920s - Declining birth rate  smaller families • Margaret Sanger  Wider access to birth control • opened the first birth control clinic in 1916 • founded the American Birth Control League in 1921 • fought for the legal rights of physicians to distribute birth control information • Urged “unfit” mothers (black, immigrant) to take birth control

  31. Changing Family Dynamics • New technologies and products simplified household labor and family life for women: • Time-saving appliances…..? • Store-bought clothes • Ready-to-eat food – sliced bread, canned goods • Working-class and middle class women experienced “double duty” – juggling work and family

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