November 16, 2006 Get out homework worksheet test signed Notes Foundations of Government

1. November 16, 2006Get out homeworkworksheettest signedNotes Foundations of Government

2. Chapter 4 Foundations of our Government

3. Virginia House of Burgesses1619 • First legislature in colonies • Legislature is a group of people chosen to make the laws • Started the process of electing representatives in our government.

4. Charter • The king living in England established a colony through a Charter. • A document giving permission to create a government • This is how the colonies were created.

5. Rhode Island 1636 • Roger Williams creates Rhode Island in 1636. • He’s kicked out of Puritan Massachusetts because he spoke out against the church leaders. • He founded Rhode Island and said no one would be punished for differences in opinions of matters of religion. • This is the beginning of the idea of freedom. The Freedom of Religion.

6. Harvard • Created in 1636 • Oldest college in United States • Createdto educate our leaders in political thought • Our civic responsibility • Led the way for other colleges

7. Zenger Trial 1735 • Peter Zenger editor of New York Weekly Journal prints articles accusing NY governor of abusing his power • Governor gets angry and throws Zenger in jail • The case goes to court and Zenger is founded NOT GULITY for what he printed about the governor. • Leads to our freedom of speech and press.

8. Roots of American Government • Direct Democracy (Ancient Athens) • Form of gov’t in which laws are made directly by the citizens • Republic (Ancient Romans) • A gov’t in which representative were elected to make laws

9. Magna Carta • In England monarchs had complete rule of their subjects or the people living under their power • In 1215 a group of nobles challenged the royal power and had the Magna Carta signed. • This document took power from the monarch and gave to the his nobles. Now some basic freedoms had been given to the people.

10. English Bill of Rights • The basic tenets of the Bill of Rights were: • Englishmen possessed certain civil and political rights that could not be taken away. These included: • freedom from royal interference with the law • freedom from taxation by royal prerogative, without agreement by Parliament • freedom to petition the king • freedom to bear arms for self-defence • freedom to elect members of Parliament • the freedom of speech in Parliament • freedom from cruel and unusual punishments • freedom from fines and forfeitures without trial • Now that the monarchs powers were limited the people wanted more freedom. • English Bill of Rights listed the rights of all English citizens. • Today we see these rights in our Constitution. • Everyone even government leaders must obey the laws

11. John Locke • Englishman that argued a representative government was the only reasonable kind • Government exists for the people not the people for the government • According to Locke the purpose of government is to protect your NATURAL RIGHTS • The rights you are born with… • Life, liberty and property

12. Montesquieu • Frenchman/writer • The colonists afraid that all the power in one persons hands would lead to tyranny they liked his ideas: • Separation of Powers • Dividing the government up among the branches of government: • Legislative: makes law, Judicial: interpret laws Executive: enforce laws • We have this in our government today

13. No Taxation Without Representation • Parliament (English government) was taxing the colonies even though they did not have a representative in English government. This was not fair. • So colonies decide to rebel example: Boston Tea Party and other protests • Today we have representatives we voted for to make decisions

14. Committees Of Correspondence • Organizational effort created between the colonies to pass information onto one another. • A way to communicate with each other. (no internet, cell phones, telephones) • Today we set up committees to get things resolved.

15. First Continental Congress • 12 delegates from the 13 colonies organized themselves at a meeting in Philadelphia 1774 • Colonial delegates wanted England to respect their rights. • To pressure England the colonist started to protest by cutting off all trade with England. (Cutting all MONEY coming into England) • Will meet in a year

16. Second Continental Congress • After that one year the Congress reconvened in Philadelphia. • This time they were fed up with England and decide to become an independent nation. • At this meeting in 1775, the Congress decide to break free from England. • Here they created the Declaration of Independence.

17. Common Sense • Common Sense is a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine. • He wrote this paper to educate and encourage people about becoming independent from England. • Many people did not want to leave the security that England offered. • Today we use commercials, bumper stickers to encourage people to think another way.

18. Declaration of Independence 1776 • Delegates from 2nd CC decided to vote for independence. • A committee was created to write the document: • Thomas Jefferson, Ben Franklin and John Adams • If this document was not created we would be speaking with an English accent today.

19. Mayflower Compact 1620 • A document signed by all members of the Mayflower. • It stated all the rules and regulations EVERY person would have to obey. • The Pilgrims realized that they would need an agreement for the welfare of the group. • The first written Constitution in US history.

20. Articles of Confederationratified 1781 • One of the first organized governments in the colonies. • National legislature is created • Congress created-given some power • Each state gets one vote • No executive branch • No judicial branch • TOO WEAK • NO POWER

21. Homework Identify the cause and effect of Magna Carta English Bill of Rights John Locke Montesquieu No Taxation Without Representation First and Second CC D of I Mayflower Compact Aof C