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Water Beneath the Surface. By: Melbert Tabada Jumawan Jr. Where does the water of rivers and lakes came from?. Is it possible that rocks can be a good storage of water?. Groundwater. Distribution and Movement of Water Underground. Belt of Soil Moisture. Intermediate Belt. Water Table.
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Water Beneath the Surface By: Melbert Tabada Jumawan Jr.
Where does the water of rivers and lakes came from? Is it possible that rocks can be a good storage of water?
Distribution and Movement of Water Underground Belt of Soil Moisture Intermediate Belt
Water Beneath the Surface Two factors that affect the distribution and movement of groundwater 1. Porosity 2. Permeability - Aquifers - Aquitards e.g. clay
Water Beneath the Surface Classification of groundwater aquifers • Unconfined aquifer system
Water Beneath the Surface Classification of groundwater aquifers Confined aquifer system
what factors influence how groundwater is stored inaquifers? Factors controlling natural recharge: • a. amount of moisture used by vegetation • b. nature of precipitation event • c. presence of subsurface barriers • d. amount of groundwater used by humans
Water Beneath the Surface Spring Natural Resources of Water
Water Beneath the Surface Natural Resources of Water • Hot Springs Jigokudani hotspring in Nagano Japan
Water Beneath the Surface Natural Use of Groundwater • Geysers Strokkur, Iceland
Water Beneath the Surface • Artesian Well • Artesian Spring
Water Beneath the Surface Wells • A well is a • hole bored into • the zone of • saturation.
Excessive pumping of wells Cone of Depression
Geologic Activity of Groundwater Travertine
Water Beneath the Surface Caverns Characteristics of features found within caverns 1. stalactites 2. stalagmites 3. columns
Water Beneath the Surface Karst Topography Irregular topography Common features • Sinkholes—surface depressions
Examples of Karst Topography Limestone pavement in Dent de Crolles, France El Torcal (Antequera - Spain)
Examples of Sinkholes A special type of sinkhole – formed by rainwater leaking through the pavement and carrying dirt into a ruptured sewer pipe. Alapaha River, Florida
What are the potentialproblems related to groundwater distribution and use?
Water Beneath the Surface Environmental Problems Associated with Groundwater Overuse and contamination threatens groundwater supplies in some areas. •1.Treating it as a nonrenewable resource • 2.Land subsidence caused by its withdrawal • 3.Contamination • 4.Salt water intrusion
References: • http://science.pppst.com/groundwater.html • http://www.pref.osaka.jp/en/attraction/culture/aquapolis/img/wakimizu.jpg • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer • http://website.lineone.net/~polar.publishing/geysersoficeland.htm • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_spring • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Artesian_Well.png • http://www.geo.ua.edu/intro03/PDFs/Groundwater.pdf
http://groundwater.oregonstate.edu/groundwater/images/depressionb.gifhttp://groundwater.oregonstate.edu/groundwater/images/depressionb.gif • http://www.swisseduc.ch/stromboli/perm-small/bagni_san_filippo/icons/bagni_san_filippo_08.jpg • http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=saltwater%20intrusion&imgurl • http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=sinkholes&imgurl • http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=groundwater&imgurl