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Geospatial World Forum 2013 Jill S. Urban-Karr Executive Vice President Stewart Global Solutions

Quantitative and Qualitative Benefits of Geospatial Technology: Examples from North America. Geospatial World Forum 2013 Jill S. Urban-Karr Executive Vice President Stewart Global Solutions 15 May 2013. Premise:.

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Geospatial World Forum 2013 Jill S. Urban-Karr Executive Vice President Stewart Global Solutions

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  1. Quantitative and Qualitative Benefits of Geospatial Technology: Examples from North America Geospatial World Forum 2013 Jill S. Urban-Karr Executive Vice President Stewart Global Solutions 15 May 2013

  2. Premise: • By integrating land records, governments at all levels may realize benefits, qualitative and quantitative • Examples:

  3. Case Study Locations

  4. Chester County, Pennsylvania USA • Example 1 – Chester County, PA • Located in Eastern Pennsylvania • Population: 500,438 (July 2011) • Area: 756 miles2 Chester County materials provided by Pierce Eichelberger, gDBMS, Inc. http://www.city-data.com/county/Chester_County-PA.html; accessed 11 April 2013

  5. Chester County, Pennsylvania USA • County Administration and the County Recorder of Deeds had a vision for improvement of the County’s land records • Problems: • Six different property identification numbers, developed by different offices over time • Clerical personnel in the Assessor’s office decided to re-use numbers

  6. Chester County, Pennsylvania USA

  7. Chester County, Pennsylvania USA - Solution

  8. Chester County, Pennsylvania USA

  9. Chester County, Pennsylvania USA

  10. Chester County, Pennsylvania USA Land Records Office Notifies Assessor of Each Transfer, as It Happens:

  11. Chester County - Results • Significant new revenues ($6.2 Million between 2001 – 2010); expected ROI of between 10:1 – 20:1 • Standardized addresses • Common link via the UPI between multiple offices/departments

  12. Ciudad Juarez, Mexico • Example 2 – Ciudad Juárez, Mexico • Located in Northeastern Mexico • Population: ~1,332,131 (metro area 8th largest in Mexico) • Area: 73 miles2 (188 kilometers2)

  13. The case study for Ciudad Juarez is taken from Peña, S.; Fuentes, C.; Cervera, L. and Hernandez, V. 2012. Planning Support Systems: A Computer-assisted Mass Appraisal (CAMA) System for Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. Journal of Property Tax Assessment and Administration 9(4), 25 – 40. Figures and other materials used by permission. Additional sources include: Peña, S. and Fuentes, C. 2007. Land Use Changes in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua: A Systems Dynamic Model. Estudios Fronterizos 8(16), 65 - 89. Regional Stakeholders Committee. 2009. The Paso del Norte Region, US-Mexico: Self-Evaluation Report. OECD Reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development, IMHE, http://www.oecd.org/edu/imhe/regionaldevelopment (Accessed 8 April 2013).

  14. Ciudad Juarez, Mexico The city has grown in population and area, while population density decreased.

  15. Ciudad Juarez, Mexico • an expanding population; • a growing need for municipal services; • declining property tax revenues. How can geospatial technology help?

  16. Ciudad Juarez, Mexico - Solution Computer-Assisted Mass Appraisal (CAMA) can be a powerful tool to help municipalities improve property tax administration by rapidly valuing properties using mathematical tools. CAMA could assist Ciudad Juárez improve its financial position by increasing its tax base and thus its revenue potential. However, CAMA is data intensive. Data collection is expensive, and for Ciudad Juárez may be prohibitive. Peña, et al., devised a methodology to use GIS analytic tools to leverage a small dataset to show values for the entire city.

  17. Ciudad Juarez, Mexico - Solution The methodology had the following four steps: 1. Self-reported value data were gathered from newspapers and real estate offices. The data were cleaned and a sample of 427 properties were identified. Each record contained location, value and physical characteristics 2. Each record was geocoded so it could be displayed on the digital base map 3. A property value map was generated using “ordinary Kriging,” a process by which unknown values are predicted from known values. The 427 properties served as the “known values” from which all other values were predicted. 4. With the GIS-generated values, tradition CAMA regression models were constructed to determine the contribution of the physical attributes to value. The models were tested and found to give expected results.

  18. Ciudad Juarez, Mexico - Solution Thus a database of reasonably accurate parcel values was generated for a city of 1.4 million persons without the need for extensive and expensive data collection. The econometric models have shown housing quality indicators are the strongest predictors of real estate values in the city – more so than physical features such as slope or location in a flood plain. The following slides show the spatial distribution of the initial 427 parcels and the resulting value maps derived using statistical tools built into GIS software.

  19. Ciudad Juarez, Mexico - Results Spatial Distribution of Asking Prices, 427 geo-referenced properties in Ciudad Juárez

  20. Ciudad Juarez, Mexico - Results

  21. Ciudad Juarez, Mexico - Results Land Values in Ciudad Juárez as determined by Ordinary Kriging

  22. Ciudad Juarez, Mexico - Results Construction price per meter2 in Ciudad Juárez as determined by Ordinary Kriging

  23. Ciudad Juarez, Mexico - Results Three-dimensional View of Interpolated Property Values in Ciudad Juárez

  24. Ciudad Juarez, Mexico - Results Application: Because of the recent outbreaks of violent crime, many city residents have moved from the city. This has caused some deterioration in real estate values. Citizens have requested adjustments in their valuations and thus lower tax bills. City tax officials have been unable to explain their valuation methodologies to taxpayers. The CAMA model designed by Peña, et al., can give tax officials a more efficient way to value properties and thus be better able to convince taxpayers of the accuracy of their valuations.

  25. Ciudad Juarez, Mexico - Results • This CAMA/GIS tool can also be used as a planning support system to • forecast locations where growth will likely occur; • accurately adjust the value of properties as they increase due to increasing demand; • allow the increased values to drive increased property tax collection, thus providing funds for expanded municipal services.

  26. Ministry of Natural Resources & Agriculture, Belize • Example 3 – Ministry of Natural Resources & Agriculture, Belize • Located on the Eastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula • Population: 356,600 • Area: 22,810 km2 (8,807 miles2)

  27. Ministry of Natural Resources & Agriculture, Belize

  28. Ministry of Natural Resources & Agriculture, Belize • Multiple tenure regimes (formal and informal) • For registered properties, a paper-based system • Inefficiencies and delays in processing land transactions • A need for improved land administration to bolster economic development

  29. Ministry of Natural Resources & Agriculture, Belize - Solution • use of standardized PIN mandatory (remember Chester County!) • registration of 16,000 rural parcels in 3 districts • 7,000 rural parcels included in new registration sections that will be registered • all rural land in 2 districts subject to registration • 50% of all land parcels under the Registration Law • 4 of the 7 offices in the Dept. of Lands & Survey connected to the LIS

  30. Ministry of Natural Resources & Agriculture, Belize - Solution

  31. Ministry of Natural Resources & Agriculture, Belize - Results Source: Inter-American Development Bank Belize LMPIII Loan Proposal, 2009

  32. Ministry of Natural Resources & Agriculture, Belize - Results

  33. Ministry of Natural Resources & Agriculture, Belize - Results • Land Management Project III Achieved Additional Results: • LIS extended to all offices of the DLS • 7 District offices are now linked electronically to the MNRA offices in Belmopan • Public access kiosks for general inquiries/self service available in the lobby • 130+ users utilizing the same data for all land decisions • Audit monitoring capability has reduced fraud

  34. Lessons Learned • The 3 case studies show how governments have implemented and used geospatial technology to improve operations, provide better service and be more responsive. Specifically: • revenues have increased • transactions are processed more quickly • better information is available • efficiencies are generated • security is improved

  35. Lessons Learned Most importantly: Strategies must include “the latest” technology – not outdated technology. Users literally everywhere are capable of learning the newest approaches and tools. As the examples show, geospatial technology can be implemented in a variety of circumstances – from affluent to constrained. Governments and their citizens at any level of development can all benefit from enlightened use of these powerful tools.

  36. Thank you for your interest and attention. For further information: Jill S. Urban-Karr ExecutiveVicePresident Stewart Global Solutions +1.201.477.2600 jkarr@stewart.com www.stewart.com/

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