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Functional Group Chemistry

Functional Group Chemistry. A FUNCTIONAL GROUP is part of a molecule with a specific arrangement of atoms. It usually contains oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorous. The rest of the molecule is an alkyl group (methyl, ethyl, propyl etc.) or something else like a bromine, chlorine etc.

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Functional Group Chemistry

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  1. Functional Group Chemistry

  2. A FUNCTIONAL GROUP is part of a molecule with a specific arrangement of atoms. It usually contains oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorous.The rest of the molecule is an alkyl group (methyl, ethyl, propyl etc.) or something else like a bromine, chlorine etc. • It has an “R” designation (the “R” represents the alkyl group).

  3. Pattern: R-O-H Examples: CH3OH Methanol or Methyl alcohol CH3CH2CH2OH Propanol or Propyl alcohol Name: Alcohol

  4. 1-propanol 2-propanol Draw the following structures • 1-pentanol • CH3CH2CH2OH • CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH • 3-octanol • CH3CH2CHOHCH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 • CH3CHOHCH3

  5. Draw the following structures • 1-propanol • 1-pentanol • CH3CH2CHOH • CH3CH2CH2CH2CHOH • 2-propanol • 3-octanol • CH3CH2CHOHCH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 • CH3CHOHCH2

  6. Pattern: R-O-R’ Examples: CH3OCH3 Methyl methyl ether methoxymethane CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH3 ethyl propyl ether ethoxypropane Name: Ether

  7. ethoxymethane Dibutyl ether Draw the following structures • butoxypentane • CH3CH2OCH3 • CH3CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 • Hexyl pentyl ether • CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 • CH3CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2CH3

  8. Draw the following structures • ethoxymethane • butoxypentane • CH3COCH3 • CH3CH2CH2COCH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 • Dibutyl ether • Hexylpentyl ether • CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2COCH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 • CH3CH2CH2COCH2CH2CH2CH3

  9. Pattern: O R-C-H Example: O CH3CH2-C-H propanal Name: Aldehydes

  10. O CH3-C-H O CH3CH2CH2CH2-C-H Name the following structures • O • CH3CH2CH2C-H • ethanal • butanal • hexanal • 4-bromoheptanal • O • CH3CH2CH2CHCH2CH2-C-H • Br

  11. Pattern: O R-C-R’ Example: O CH3-CH2-C-CH2-CH3 3-pentanone Name: Ketone

  12. 2-butanone 2-pentanone Draw the following structures • 2-nonanone • O • CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-C-CH3 • O • CH3-C- CH2-CH3 • 3-hexanone • O • CH3-C-CH2-CH2-CH3 • O • CH3-CH2-CH2-C-CH2-CH3

  13. Pattern: O R-C-O-H Example: O CH3-CH2-C-OH propanoic acid Name: Carboxylic Acid

  14. Draw the following structures • ethanoic acid • octanoic acid • O • CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-C-O-H • O • CH3-C- O-H • pentanoic acid • -methylbutanoic acid • O • HO-C-CH2-CH2- CH2- CH3 • CH3 O • CH3-CH-CH2-C-O-H

  15. Pattern: O R-C-O-R’ Example: O CH3-CH2-C-O-CH3 Methyl propanoate Name: Ester

  16. Draw the following structures • Ethyl butanoate • Ethyl hexanoate • O • CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2-C-OCH2CH3 • O • CH3-CH2- O- C-CH2-CH2-CH3 • Methyl pentanoate • Propyl butanoate • O • CH3- O-C-CH2-CH2- CH2- CH3 • O • CH3-CH-CH2-C-O-CH2-CH2- CH3

  17. O CH3CH2CH2CH2-C-O-H CH3CH2CH2CH2OH Name the structure. • O • H-C-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 • CH3CH2-O-CH2CH3

  18. O CH3CH2CH2-C-CH3 Decanoic acid • Propyl butanoate • 3-pentanone Ethanol • Heptyl nonyl ether

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