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Honors Chemistry Functional Groups

Honors Chemistry Functional Groups. Cycloalkanes. Carbon can also form ringed structures. Five and six-membered rings are most stable. They can take on conformations in which their bond angles are very close to the tetrahedral angle. Smaller rings are quite strained.

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Honors Chemistry Functional Groups

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  1. Honors ChemistryFunctional Groups

  2. Cycloalkanes • Carbon can also form ringed structures. • Five and six-membered rings are most stable. • They can take on conformations in which their bond angles are very close to the tetrahedral angle. • Smaller rings are quite strained. • Names use the prefix cyclo-.

  3. Cycloalkanes

  4. Practice • Prioritization happens like normal:

  5. Aromatic Hydrocarbons • Aromatic hydrocarbons are cyclic hydrocarbons that have some particular features. • The high amount of resonance makes these compounds particularly stable.

  6. Aromatic Nomenclature • Many aromatic hydrocarbons are known by their common names instead of IUPAC.

  7. Alcohols • Alcohols contain one or more hydroxyl groups, -OH. • They are named with the suffix –ol and a number designating the carbon where the hydroxyl group is.

  8. Alcohols

  9. Ethers • Ethers tend to be quite unreactive. • Ethers are defined by an oxygen in the middle of the carbon chain. • Therefore, they make good polar solvents. • They are named on each side of the oxygen and the word ether at the end.

  10. Carbonyl Compounds • The carbonyl group is a carbon-oxygen double bond. • Carbonyl compounds include many classes of compounds. • “R” stands for “rest of the molecule”

  11. Carbonyl Compounds

  12. Aldehydes • In an aldehyde, at least one hydrogen is attached to the carbonyl carbon. • The suffix –al is used.

  13. Ketones • In ketones, there are two carbons bonded to the carbonyl carbon. • The suffix –one is used.

  14. Carboxylic Acids • Carboxylic acids have a hydroxyl group (OH) bonded to the carbonyl group. • They are tart tasting. • Carboxylic acids are weak acids. • The suffix for carboxylic acids is –oic acid.

  15. Carboxylic Acids

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