ICTs as a green technologies for Sustainable Development

1. ICTs as a green technologies for Sustainable Development - ICT & Climate Change Policies and Actions- Koichi Fujinuma Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications JAPAN ITU Symposium on ICTs, the Environment and Climate Change Accra, Ghana, 7-8 July 2011

2. Global Warming and ICT 1 ICTs themselves produce CO2 emissions due to consumption of electrical power to operate equipment/systems. On the other hand, ICT usagecan contribute to a reduction in CO2 emissions due to a marked improvement in the efficiency of production, consumption and business, also that of traffic alternatives,and a reduction in traffic volume. It is possible to make environmental measurements and predictions using ICT. Improved energy efficiency Improved efficiency of production and consumption • Supply chain management • e-publication and distribution • Paperless office General households • ＩＴＳ (Intensive control of ETC, VICS, and traffic lights) •BEMS (Building energy management system) •HEMS (Household energy management system) Reduced movement of people and products Environmental measurements and predictions Production/ distribution/ transportation Offices/shops • Online shopping, online trading • Telework, TV conferencing • Music, video, and software distribution • e-applications (tax declarations, online receipts) • Radar for measuring CO2 • Sensing network • Global simulator Use of ICT Contribute to tackling global warming issues by promoting wider use of ICT

3. The Great East Japan Earthquake 2 Near-term electricity supply-demand forecast in TEPCO areas Source: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

4. Power Shortage in JAPAN 3 large-lot power users; midsized and small corporations; and households →　cut electricity use this summer by a uniform 15 percent from a year ago ICT related solutions Short-term solution ・Telecommuting ・Visualization of energy consumption Long-term solution・Smart meter ・Renewable energy Source: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

5. 4 Japan’s Climate Policies and Actions (ICT&CC related Issues) The New Growth Strategy (Cabinet decision) (June, 2010) Toward becoming the world’s top environment and energy power througha comprehensive policy package Japan will play a leading role in a low-carbon society, having set a Japanesetarget of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 25 percent by 2020 compared tothe 1990 level; this target ispremised on the creation of a fair and effectiveinternational framework that includes all major economies and an agreementon ambitious targets by each of them. Under an initiative to be known as“Challenge 25, ” Japan will mobilize all possible policy tools to advance thisinitiative together with the Japanese people. The New Strategy in Information and Communications Technology (May, 2010) 　○Goalsfor 2020 Smart grid network shall become a common practice. We shall also see thehome and business sectors reducing CO2 emission as the Information and communications technology-aided zero-energy buildings becomes a reality in typical new homes and in all new public buildings.

6. MIC‘s “ICT Restoration Vision 2.0”（April, 2010） 5 Build the infrastructure underlying a knowledge and information-based society ●By around 2015, achieve 100% of “New Broadband Super Highway” (all households use broadband services). Maximize Japan’s potential ●Through the “Japan x ICT” strategy, achieve an annual average potential growth rate of approximately 2.6% over the next 10 years (2011 – 2020). Make contributions internationally to help solve problems facing the world ●Achieve CO2 emissions reductions of more than 10% from 1990 levels by 2020 through the ICT. →　Promote ICT green project

7. MIC’s ICT Green Project 6 • Greening of the ICT system itself (GreenofICT) • ・Responding to increased power consumption by expanding usage of ICT systems (e.g., R&D to conserve power in the overall system from carrier equipment to in-home equipment) • Greening of other fields through extensive use of ICT (GreenbyICT) • ・E.g., formulation of communication standards for achieving early practical implementation of smart meters • ・Establishing best practices such as by demonstration testing to promote usage of ICT • International cooperation • ・Establishment of methodologies for evaluating GHG reductions by using ICTs and contribute to International Organizations. Green of ICT Green by ICT Carrier data center Reducing CO2 emissions at companies and homes by using ICT and making power consumption more efficient Office Communication network Home 3)International cooperation (e.g., establishing techniques for evaluating effectiveness in reducing CO2 emissions) Reduction of CO2 emissions

8. Green-of-ICT: R&D on “Green of ICT” Sleeping network 7 Technology Application Nationwide network of carriers High-reliability, power-saving network control technology to support cloud services Reduce power usage through optimal control of entire network by carriers Control the number of routers used in accordance with the traffic volume Ultra high-speed optical edge node Reduce power usage of large routers of carriers Reduce power usage of general-purpose routers High-speed, power-saving network node Reduce power usage of ICT equipment in the home Power-saving broadband set-up technology Achieves power savings in entire ICT system from carrier equipment to in-home equipment Discovering new ICT technologies to reduce CO2 emissions through a competitive funding system Home Office bldg.

9. Green-of-ICT: Environmental Guidelines for the ICT Field 8 Members of the Conference on Environmental Guidelines for the ICT Field ・Telecommunications Carriers Association ・Communications and Information Network Association of Japan ・Telecom Services Association ・ASP and SaaS Industry Consortium ・Japan Internet Providers Association * MIC participates as an observer. Evaluation standards for equipment and data centers • (1) Equipment • 　　・Small routers ・L2 switches ・Transport equipment (WDM)・PON equipment（GE-PON） ・Broadband base station equipment (WiMAX) ・External power supplies (AC adapters) ・Server equipment • An estimate based on evaluation indicators was determined on a 5 point scale, and the ranking was indicated by number of stars (★-★★★★★). Of these, two stars (★★) was taken to be the rank including the standard value. • (2) Data centers • For the moment, PUE※ was adopted as one indicator of energy conservation at data centers. * PUE （Power Usage Effectiveness) = Power consumption of entire facility/Power consumption of ICT “Self-evaluation checklist” and “Eco ICT Mark” • Telecommunications carriers evaluate their own efforts to reduce CO2 emissions according to a checklist, and publish the efforts they are making. • If a company describes their specific efforts for all mandatory items, then they can use the “Eco ICT Mark”

10. Green of ICT: Reducing the Environmental Impact of Data Centers Data Center in central Tokyo suburbs PUE1.5～2.5 PUE/CO2 emissions surveillance/management server 9 As cloud technology and other forms of ICT advance, data center usage is expected to rise dramatically. This will be accompanied by increased power consumption by data centers. Air conditioning and power distribution account for more than 50% of total data center power consumption. Therefore, by holding down such power consumption, it is possible to reduce the power consumption of the entire data center. MIC is working to establish standardized models by conducting highly effective demonstration experiments. Integrated operation and management (Load distribution) Data Center in low-temperature region Cooling through air conditioners PUE1.2～1.5 Heat Cooling through introduction of outside air High-speed network Virtualization (shared platform) CO2 CO2 Heat Heat Air-conditioning method using outside air, and snow and ice, etc. Conversion loss, small Management server High-voltage DC power supply system Power supply facilities Within IT devices Conventional air conditioning Ventilation air conditioning Integrated operations and management using cloud technology DC 300V or more Direct air conditioning Weather data Commercial grid Evaporative air conditioning Combinations of different air conditioning methods and their efficient operation

11. Green-of-ICT： Reducing power consumption in the ICT field 10 ・In the BaU case (where no additional measures are implemented), total power consumption in the ICT field will rise sharply to over 51 million tons (125.6 billion kWh) by 2020 due to increased ICT usage. ・In the New Measures case, which includes R&D and demonstration experiments (such as optical communication network technology), ecological ICT equipment and data canters, and promoting cloud computing , power consumption could be cut back to under 30 million tons (72.3 billion kWh). Communication 1057 + broadcasting 199 (51.50 million t-CO2） ◆：No Action case ■：New Measures case Communication 570 + broadcasting 180 53.3 billion kWh/yr（21.85 million ｔ-CO2） Communication 502 + broadcasting 150 （29.66 million t-CO2） Communication 573 + broadcasting 150 Communication 440 + broadcasting 157 * CO2 emission base unit: 0.41 kg-CO2/kWh

12. Green-by-ICT： Efforts using ICT to reduce CO2 emissions Related policies 11 Factory BEMS ●Special Ubiquitous Area Project (Demonstration of environmental home account book using ASP/SaaS, and appliance state monitoring service using PLC etc.) ●Investigation and demonstration of ITS systems for realizing a low-carbon society ●Investigation and research on next-generation telecommuting environments ●Demonstration experiments on shared systems for telecommuting Etc. ＩＴＳ Office Transportation Smart grid Ｅ-Commerce HEMS Store Home teleworking

13. Green-by-ICT: teleworking 12 Excerpt from “A New Strategy in Information and Communications Technology,” IT Strategic Headquarters, May 11, 2010 We shall advance the development of an appropriate environment and public education to help promote teleworking. Teleworking contributes to prompting the aged and physically impaired to engage with the world, creating employment opportunities for persons of diverse employment needs — for example, women who are forced to stay home to raise their children or to care for someone — and revitalizing local communities. Timetable: Reach 7 million home-based teleworkers by 2015 Home-based teleworkers: ~3.27 million (2009) Reference: State of Telework Adoption in Japan Teleworkers accounted for 15.3 percent of the total labor force in 2009 (“Telework Population Survey 2009,” Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) Telework had been introduced at 19.0 percent of private businesses in 2009 (“Telecommunications Usage Trend Survey 2009,” Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications) Have specific telework plans Total Employed Self-Employed Percentage of home-based teleworkers

14. Green-by-ICT: Demonstration experiments of ICT systems for Smart Community 13 To support the development of environmentally friendly cities, this project will build and demonstrate ICT system infrastructures suited to local characteristics. The project will establish technical standards for ICT equipments/services necessary to reduce environmental loads, and promote production of local power resources (green energy, etc.) and optimization of consumption. Data center IPv6 net work Wide area network cloud Data center Neighborhood network Data center In-home network Monitoring/Control center Points to be demonstrated (Examples) Verification of best approach for management/protection of data in cloud system Verification of network combination suited to local characteristics Establish necessary technical standards Radio frequency band available in local area (white space) Verification of security issues in cloud system

15. List of Selected Projects (Regional Pilot Projects) 14 Projects promoting the standardization of integrated network-based control systems Projects constructing regional ICT system infrastructure that mitigates environmental impact Kurihara, Miyagi Prefecture (Tohoku University, etc.) Constructed an ICT system to unify a region where residences and urban functions are spread over a broad area so that people can live in harmony with the natural environment. Rokkasho, Aomori Prefecture (Hirosaki University, etc.) Constructed and demonstrated an ICT system that measures electric power usage with sensors in each home to make electricity usage more efficient and optimal with the use of a system that simulates demand forecasts within a regional network cloud. Goto, Nagasaki Prefecture (Keio University, etc.) Centering on a port terminal building, constructed a communication system that integrated various existing but independently standardized technologies (communication networks, communication QoS, security, information appliances, EV/ITS, smart grid). Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture (Kajima Corporation, etc.) Verified technical specifications for home communications in residential districts and verified the potential for a unique Japanese smart grid that targets multiple energy and resource modalities, such as electricity, gas, water, and automobiles. Kitakyushu, Fukuoka Prefecture (NTT West Japan, etc.) Confirmed the reliability and security of communication networks for community-based energy-management systems, made it possible to visualize energy consumption, and verified the contribution this made on lowering environmental impact. Kumamoto, Kumamoto Prefecture (Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Hospital, etc.) Constructed specifications for the visualization of energy consumption and data-based simulation of forecasts of electric power usage in a local community centered on a hospital. Also examined and simulated regional energy storage data systems and electric power transfer systems that will be needed in the future.

16. Example 1. Pilot Project in Kurihara, Miyagi Prefecture 15 Constructed an ICT system to unify a region where residences and urban functions are spread over a broad area so that people can live in harmony with the natural environment Sendai Kurihara was formed with the 2005 merger of nine towns and one village ~40 km (wider in the east-west direction than Tokyo’s 23 wards) • Special characteristics • Residences and municipal offices (administrative functions) are spread over a broad area • Residents near Mt. Kurikoma and other regions are far from any municipal office ~20 kam Town hall Municipal office 10 municipal offices (administrative functions) are spread out in a 20-kilometer radius of the main town hall Tohoku Earthquake (March 11, 2011)magnitude 6: Kurikoma, Semine

17. Example 2. Pilot Project in Goto, Nagasaki Prefecture 16 Project Overview: Centering on a port terminal building, constructed a communication system that integrated various existing but independently standardized technologies (communication networks, communication QoS, security, information appliances, EV/ITS, smart grid). Project Results: ・Created a best-practice for reducing CO2 emissions within buildings through network-based air conditioning controls ・Developed an international standard for a platform mechanism (a shared platform) that can handle data conversions and integrated databases between normally incompatible systems across many different fields Private communication network (IP-VPN) Pilot Project Overview Air conditioning on/off controls HVAC control data Electricity data Devices outside climate-controlled rooms Meters University (remote location) Input data • RFID data on room entry/exit • Temperature and humidity data • Room-comfort survey data • Predictive simulations ↓ Cut building’s CO2 emissions by more than 10 percent Shared platform EV charging data Resource manage-ment server Environment sensor data (temperature, humidity, lighting intensity, air flow) Charging station Solar power data Lighting intensity sensor Air-flow sensor Temperature and humidity sensors Solar panels Fukue Port terminal building Fukue Port parking lot

18. BEMS BEMS HEMS HEMS Example of Further Regional Deployments Based on the Regional Pilot Projects’ Results 17 Full ICT utilization in the business sector (i.e., BEMS, FEMS, and SCM) HEMS and other regional energy network centers networking regional systems Solar power data HEMS HEMS Housing complex cloud center Lighting controls HVAC data/controls Room temperature/occupancy sensors EV car-sharing Fast-charging station Electric appliance data Smartphone monitoring/controls Energy monitors (devices for viewing energy consumption) Smart meter data Home fuel cell (FC) data/controls Coordination of clean energy sources and EV systems EV charging data/controls Full ICT utilization in homes (i.e., HEMS, visualization of energy consumption) Electric vehicle (EV) Smart community

19. Green-by-ICT: Estimate CO2 Emission reduction through the use of ICT 18 At current ICT usage levels (i.e., BaU case), a CO2 reduction of around 95 million tons would be achieved in 2020. This could be boosted to 150 million tons such as by installation of smart grids, BEMS/HEMS, and paperless office systems in a range of industries (the New Measures case). Note)a percentage of total greenhouse gas emissions in Japan for 1990

20. Estimate of reductions in CO2 emissions 19 ○ Green by ICT ICT can potentially reduce CO2 emissions by up to 155 million tons in 2020. This is equivalent to a 12.3% reduction in total emissions relative to 1990 levelsin JAPAN. ○ Green of ICT In terms of the amount of CO2 generated by ICT equipment, new strategies are expected to reduce CO2 emissions to around 30 million tons, roughly equivalent to CO2 emissions in 2012. CO2 emissions from all ICT fields, and reduction effect in CO2 emissions through utilization of ICT New measures* BaU* CO2 emissions from the use of ICT devices(Green of ICT) 6.0 4.1％ 4.0 2.4％ 2.4％ 2.0 30 million ｔ-CO2 51 million t-CO2 30 million ｔ-CO2 0.0 68 million t-CO2 95 million ｔ-CO2 155 million ｔ-CO2 Net CO2 emissions due to ICT = 125 million t-CO2 (10%) % relative to total CO2 emissions in Japan in FY1990 -2.0 -4.0 -6.0 5.4％ -8.0 7.5％ CO2 emission reduction by the utilization of ICT(Green by ICT) -10.0 Electric power consumption rate: 0.41 kg-CO2/kWh -12.0 12.3% BaU: Business as Usual (Green of ICT): No new measures to reduce CO2 from ICT equipment ; assumes ICT usage (by ICT) maintained at current levels New measures: New effective measures taken to reduce CO2 generated by ICT equipment ; assumes ICT usage expands into other fields, with maximum effort made to promote usage of ICT -14.0 2012 2020 Additional measures in 2020

21. Conclusion 20 Green of ICT Green by ICT ICTs contribute to energy saving in various socio economic activities ○Sharing of best practices for ICT usage from the viewpoint of energy saving ○Developing methodologies to evaluate ICT’s contribution to mitigating environmental loads