Chris & Chom Greacen 16 April 2009

1. Towards clean, just and democratic energy development in Thailand and South-east Asia Palang Thai Chris & Chom Greacen 16 April 2009

2. Palang Thaiพลังไท Thailand NGO Objective: To ensure that the transformations that occur in the region's energy sector: augment, rather than undermine, social and environmental justice and sustainability. Key approaches: We teach hands-on energy technology We draft / comment on policies We work to empower citizens to look critically at government and industry projects and plans We advocate structural reform พลัง (palang): n 1. Power. 2. Empowerment. ไท (thai): adj. 1. Independence. 2. Self-reliance

3. Outline Technical ‘do it yourself’ capacity building Solar electricity for medical clinics in Karen-controlled Burma Micro-hydropower Refugee camp Energy politics and policy Bo Nok / Hin Krud – stopping a silly power plant Very Small Power Producer (VSPP) program Pak Mun dam EGAT privatization injunction / reversal

4. Constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system (similar to England) Size: about 4/5 of California Population: 66 million (2x that of CA) GDP (PPP): $553 billion (1/3 of CA’s) GDP per capita: $8,500(1/6 of CA’s) Energy consumption: 57 million BTU (1/4 of CA’s) Peak power demand: 23 GW (<half of CA’s) 99.8% of villages are electrified Thailandin context

5. Conflict area • Little/no rural electrification • Joint effort: • TOPS (Taiwan), • Palang Thai (Thailand), • Green Empowerment (USA), • ZOA (Netherlands)

6. Border Green Energy Team Solar electricity for 35 medical clinics for internally displaced inside Burma

7. Up to 2 million internally displaced people in Burma

9. Ruggedized solar electric systems built by medics in 3-5 day hands-on trainings • 8 trainings (2003-2008) • >90 medics trained • 35 clinics

15. Community micro-hydro (12 villages)

16. Micro-hydroelectricity Source: Inversin, A. R. (1986). Micro-Hydropower Sourcebook.

17. Kre Khi village, Tak Province 1 kW for school, clinic, church Cost: <$3,500 (turbine $250) Head: 10 meters Flow: 15 lit/sec

20. Video… Mae Wei

21. Border Green Energy Team Refugee camp trainings

23. Solar/micro-hydro vocational education training Mae La refugee campSept 2005

24. So far: Solar PV Micro-hydro Hydraulic ram pump Solar cooking 7 hybrid solar/diesel systems Biogas

25. Solar/diesel hybrid systems for computer training centers in 7 refugee camps

26. Border Green Energy Team Maintenance & repair trainings for > 14,000 Thai solar home systems

27. Thai government solar home program 203,000 solar home systems US$200 million No maintenance plan 23% failure rate within 20 months

28. Most of Palang Thai’s work is on policy & planning level…

29. Bonok-Ban Krud story

30. Bonok Bankrud

31. Power Demand: Projections vs. Actual1992 - 2008 MW

32. Linear versus exponential extrapolation

33. Very Small Power Producer (VSPP) regulations

34. Villagers: ‘our power plant’

36. Uses waste water from cassava to make methane Produces gas for all factory heat (30 MW thermal) + 3 MW of electricity 3 x 1 MW gas generators Korat Waste to Energy - biogas

37. Biogas from Pig Farms Reduces air and water pollution Produces fertilizer Produces electricity 8 x 70 kW generator Ratchaburi

38. VSPP summary June 2008

39. A World Bank funded project completed in 1994 Run-of-river 126 MW hydroelectric dam on a main tributary of Mekong River Source of on-going conflicts due to impacts on fish migration and livelihood of people Pak Mun Dam Story Photo: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pak_Mun_dam

44. 1700 families relocated Loss of livelihood for >6200 families Loss of 116 fish species (44%) Mae Hong Song Fishery yield down 80% 65 Electricity production and consumption (GWh) Impacts of Pak Mun Dam alone Source: MEA, EGAT, Searin, Graphic: Green World Foundation Pak Mun Dams Malls Province

45. There are 16 provinces (out of total 76) that consume less electricity than three Bangkok malls combined Siam Paragon GWh 123 MBK 81 278 GWh Central World 75 Source: DEDE 2006 Source: MEA 2006

46. การกระจายตัวของการใช้ไฟฟ้าแยกตามพื้นที่Distribution of electricity consumption by region South North Northeast Central Source: Figure 19, Statistical Report Fiscal Year 2003 Power Forecast and Statistics Analysis Department System Control and Operation Division. Report No. SOD-FSSR-0404-05

47. 7.3 Countryaverage 5.4 Bangkok Per capita carbon emission (tons/yr) 11.4 7.1 5.9 5.7 World avg San Francisco Tokyo New York London Source: Green World Foundation

48. thousand tons Annual CO2 Emissions Increase: 12% Second highest in world! 344 Million tonnes (1%) 21st highest in world Carbon emission per year Source: Green World Foundation

49. Percentage growth of national total per capita CO2 emission WRI Source: Sirinthorthep Taoprayoon, 2006

50. BangkokElectricity 0.05% of users 30% ofThai total 15,130 GWh Hotels, condos Medium business 20% of users 0.8% of users 0.1% of users 78.6% of users 0.4% of users Households Government Medium users Small users Specific Large users 537 901 139 16 6 Megamalls Office Buildings Large factories Electricity use by customer category (GWh) Source: MEA (2006), Green World Foundation