Foreign Affairs

1. Foreign Affairs Who should the US take responsibility for?

2. Relationship with Britain • Winning the War 0f 1812 renewed American Pride, Abigail Adams wrote her sister while visiting Eng. “ European birds have not ½ the melody of ours, …nor is their fruit ½ so sweet, nor their flowers so fragrant, nor manners so pure, nor people ½ so virtuous” • Needed Britain to grow, started new relationship, 1817 Rush-Bagot Treaty limited number of ships on Great Lakes, disarmament along Canadian border, Convention of 1818 set boundary of LA territory at 49th parallel, America gained Oregon territory

3. Relationship with Spain • Spain owned East FL, and claimed West FL, US clamed West FL as part of LA purchase, 1810 & 1812 added parts to LA and MS • 4/1818 Andrew Jackson invaded Spanish Florida, taking two Spanish forts, ordered to stop Seminole raids in American territory, Jackson went past his orders • Sec. Onis of Spain, demanded punishment for Jackson, Calhoun, Sec. of War said he should be court martialed, Sec. of State John Quincy Adams disagreed • Adams guessed the Spanish did not want war, might want to settle the dispute, Spain dealing with rebellions in Mexico and South America, 1819 signedthe Adams-Onis treaty • Treaty Spain gave up Spanish FL, US gave up claims of TX and $5 million owed for damages • Made US a transcontinential power

4. Latin America • Spanish facing challenges in their empire, controlled SW USA, Mexico, Centrral America and all of S. America except Brazil • 1810 Father Hidalgo led a revolution in Mexico, calling for racial equality and land redistribution, Spanish defeated and executed Hidalgo, 1821 Mexico gained it’s independence, but little social or economic change • In S. America, Simon Bolivar, the liberator led freedom in Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Bolivia and Ecquador; Jose de San Martin, achived independence in Chile and Peru • By 1824 most of S. America free from Spain, Brazil had broken away from Portugal in 1822, Spains empire had shrunk to Cuba, Puerto Rico, and a few other islands • 1822 Spain asked France, Austria, Russia and Prussia to help fight revolutions n Americas, Pres. Monroe took action, issued the MONROE DOCTRINE 12/2/1823, saying the US would oppose new European colonies in Americas, US did have the military force to support the Monroe Doctrine, became an important part of American foreign policy, still exists today