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Clare Madge – Online Questionnaires. Programme of events. 10:00 – 10:30 Arrival, registration and coffee 10:30 – 11:00 Advantages/disadvantages of online research - Henrietta 11:00 – 11:30 Online questionnaires- Clare 11.30 - 11.45 Coffee
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Programme of events 10:00 – 10:30 Arrival, registration and coffee 10:30 – 11:00 Advantages/disadvantages of online research - Henrietta 11:00 – 11:30 Online questionnaires- Clare 11.30 - 11.45 Coffee 11:45 – 12:45 Hands-on-workshop online questionnaires – Rob 12:45 – 1:45 Lunch 2.00 – 2:30 Online Interviews- Henrietta 2:30 – 3:30 Hands-on-workshop online interviews - Rob 3:30 – 4:00 Tea and coffee break 4:00 – 4.15 Ethics and online research - Clare 4.15- 5.00 Any questions?
Structure 1. When to use an online questionnaire 2. Advantages and disadvantages of online questionnaires 3. Types of online questionnaires 4. Activity- online questionnaire types 5. Sampling issues
1. When to use an online questionnaire? • Internet offers great methodological potential and versatility; • Resulted in proliferation in online questionnaires; • But use of online questionnaire must be appropriate and justified for each particular research project; • To address the aims of the research, selection of most relevant questionnaire type and question format for addressing the aims, establishing a justified sampling strategy to recruit relevant respondents and ensure an appropriate response rate.
2. Advantages of online questionnaires • Speed and volume of data collection • Savings in costs • Flexible design • Data accuracy • Access to research populations • Anonymity • Respondent acceptability
2. Disadvantages of online questionnaires • Sample bias • Measurement error • Non-response bias • Length, response and drop out rates • Technical problems • Ethical issues
3. Types of online questionnaires • Web-based questionnaire • E-mail questionnaire • Questionnaire attached to an email
4. Activity 1: Different questionnaire types • Get into pairs • Go to……. • Examine the examples of the three different online questionnaire types • Note down some advantages and disadvantages of each type • Decide which questionnaire type is most appropriate for your research needs
Web-based questionnaire • Advantages Disadvantages
E-mail questionnaire • Advantages Disadvantages
Questionnaire attached to an email • Advantages Disadvantages
For more details on questionnaire types For a discussion of the relative merits of different questionnaire types: • From home page, go to modules • Select online questionnaires • Go to questionnaire types • Click on the 3 types to read the advantages and disadvantages of each type and to see examples
5. Sampling issues • Recruitment • Sampling • Identity verification • Incentives • Response rates
How to improve response rates • Send introductory letter outlining project and estimated time needed to complete the questionnaire; • Include an institutionally sanctioned website to validate researchers' identity; • Provide clear instructions on how to complete the questionnaire; • Request personal information at the start of the questionnaire; • Use simple questionnaire format, avoid unnecessary graphics;
How to improve response rates • Avoid grid questions, open-ended questions and requests for email addresses; • Design survey so it takes approximately 10 minutes to complete; • Do not include more than 15 questions; • Send one or two follow up reminders; • Include 'social presence' or missing data messages to reduce item non-response; • Emphasise confidentiality.
6. Optional Activity: how to select a sample • From home page, go to modules • Select online questionnaires • Go to sampling • Go to how to select a sample • Read the sampling procedure and view 3 different contacting procedures • Decide which contacting procedure would be most appropriate in your research COFFEE/TEA