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Psychological Disorders

Explore the harmful dysfunctions of psychological disorders, including their historical views, medical and bio-psycho-social models, classification through DSM-IV-TR, and the impact of labeling stigmas.

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Psychological Disorders

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  1. Psychological Disorders

  2. Defining Disorder

  3. Psychological Disorder • A “harmful dysfunction” in which behaviors are maladaptive, unjustifiable, disturbing, and atypical

  4. Maladaptive • An exaggeration of normal, acceptable behaviors • Destructive to oneself or others

  5. Unjustifiable • A behavior which does not have a rational basis

  6. Disturbing • A behavior which is troublesome to other people

  7. Atypical • A behavior so different from other people’s behavior that it violates a norm • Norms vary from culture to culture

  8. MUDA • A mnemonic device used to remember the four attributes of a psychological disorder • Maladaptive • Unjustifiable • Disturbing • Atypical

  9. Understanding Disorders

  10. Early Views of Mental Illness • In ancient times, mental illness was usually explained through a supernatural model; the person was possessed or a sinner • During the Middle Ages treatment methods were inhumane and cruel

  11. Philippe Pinel (1745-1826) • French physician who worked to reform the treatment of people with mental disorders • Encouraged more humane treatment

  12. Understanding Disorders:The Medical Model

  13. The Medical Model • Concept that mental illnesses have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured. • Psychological disorders can be diagnosed based on their symptoms and treated or cured through therapy. • Psychological disorders are similar to a physical illness.

  14. Understanding Disorders:The Bio-Psycho-Social Model

  15. Bio-Psycho-Social Model • Contemporary perspective that assumes biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors combine and interact to produce psychological disorders

  16. Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective

  17. Classifying Disorders

  18. DSM-IV-TR • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fourth Edition • The text of the DSM-IV was recently revised, hence “TR” at the end

  19. DSM-IV-TR Published by the American Psychiatric Association • Lists and describes all the currently accepted categories of mental disorders

  20. DSM-IV-TR • Divides mental disorders into 17 major categories • Includes the symptoms but not the causes of each disease • Has changed significantly since the first edition

  21. DSM-IV-TR Axis

  22. DSM-IV-TR Axis

  23. DSM-IV-TR Axis

  24. DSM-IV-TR Axis

  25. Labeling Disorders

  26. Labeling Stigmas • Studies show a clear bias against people diagnosed with mental disorders.

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