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C-Notes: Proteins General Structure

C-Notes: Proteins General Structure. Stnd : BI.5a . 9/16/13. SWBAT identify proteins general structures and functions in cells. . Objective:. What are the structures of proteins? . Proteins are made of chains of AMINO ACIDS .

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C-Notes: Proteins General Structure

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  1. C-Notes: Proteins General Structure Stnd: BI.5a 9/16/13 SWBAT identify proteins general structures and functions in cells. Objective:

  2. What are the structures of proteins? • Proteins are made of chains of AMINO ACIDS. • There are only 20 amino acids andcan be combined in nearly countless ways. • The sequence of amino acids determines the shape of the protein. The shape of the protein is the biggest factor that determines its function. • There are 4 levels of structure • Primary structure • Linear shape (straight line) • Secondary structure (2 types) • Folding of protein structure • -helix (spiral shape) and -sheets (folded shape) • Tertiary structure • actual 3D shape • Quaternary structure • When 2 or more smaller polypeptides w/ different shapes join together. • Any alteration in the structure or sequencing changes the shape and function of the protein

  3. Secondary Protein Structure Amino acid subunits b pleated sheet Amino acid subunits  helix b pleated sheet  helix

  4. Polypeptide chain b Chains LE 5-20e Iron Heme a Chains Hemoglobin Polypeptide chain Collagen

  5. Because proteins shape are affected by temperature and pH changes. • It loses its normal shape when it is not in ideal optimal environmental conditions. • When a protein loses its normal shape, this is called denaturing. • A denatured protein is biologically INACTIVE. • Denaturing is usually permanent and not reversible. What happens when enzymes (proteins) Denature?

  6. Denaturing a Protein Figure 6.5

  7. SHAPE! For enzymes…What matters?

  8. Structural Differences Between Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins Figure 6.1

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