Developmental disturbances of the soft tissue

1. Developmental disturbances of the soft tissue

2. 1-Oral mucosa A-Fordyce granule:Collection of sebaceous glands that occur in various locations within the oral cavity. Clinically: asymptomatic multiple small white to yellow, or yellowish-white papular/nodular lesions most commonly found on the buccal mucosa and vermilion of the upper lip ,commonly bilateral Histological Features: presence of sebaceous glands in submucosal connective tissue Treatment: no treatment is necessary

3. B-white spongy nevus: Relatively rare autosomal dominant hereditary condition in which the oral mucosa is white, thickened, and folded. Clinical Features: asymptomatic, usually appear at birth or early childhood symmetric, thickened, white, corrugated or velvety, diffuse plaques buccal mucosa, ventral tongue, labial mucosa, soft palate, alveolar mucosa or floor of the mouth Histological Features: proliferating epithelium, spongiosis, hyperkaeratosis Treatment: no treatment is necessary

4. A- aglossia B- microglossia C- macroglossia: D- ankyloglossia E- cleft tongue F-fissured tongue also known as scrotal tongue, is a benign condition characterized by deep grooves (fissures) in the dorsum of the tongue. This condition is harmless and no medical intervention is required. Fissured tongue is seen in patients with Down syndrome, and in association with geographic tongue. G-black hairy tongue: Marked accumulation of keratin on the filiform papillae of the dorsum of the tongue resulting in hairy appearance and discoloration of the tongue thought to denote a change in the body's natural bacterial balance. 2-Tongue

5. H-lingual thyroid nodule: Accessory accumulation of thyroid tissue that is usually functional within the body of the posterior tongue. Clinical Features: 2-3 cm smooth sessile mass located midposterior dorsum of the tongue symptoms primarily include dysphagia, dyspnea, dysphonia and feeling of tightness in the area i-median rhomboid glossitis The embryonic tongue is formed by two lateral processes (lingual tubercles) meeting in the midline and fusing above a central structure from the first and second branchial arches, the tuberculum impar. The posterior dorsal point of fusion is occasionally defective, leaving a rhomboid-shaped, smooth erythematous mucosa lacking in papillae or taste buds. This median rhomboid glossitis (central papillary atrophy, posterior lingual papillary atrophy) is a focal area of susceptibility to recurring or chronic atrophic candidiasis, prompting a recent movement toward the use of posterior midline atrophic candidiasis as a more appropriate diagnostic term.

6. J-geographic tongue there are red patches on the surface of the tongue bordered by grayish white. The papillae are missing from the reddish areas and overcrowded in the grayish white borders. The small patches may disappear and reappear in a short period of time (hours or days), and change in shape or size. While it is not common for the condition to cause pain, it may cause a burning or stinging sensation, especially after contact with certain foods, such as spicy or citrus foods. Chemicals, such as mouth washes can also aggravate the condition. Geographic tongue may also cause numbness While there is no known cure or commonly prescribed treatment for geographic tongue, there are several ways to suppress the condition, Vitamin B supplements causes the condition to go away temporarily. Some groups mention using antiinflammatory steroids applied topically clears the patches. Burning may also be reduced by taking antihistamines

7. K-Lingual Varicosities: A normal variant in adults over 60 years of age. Enlarged veins usually purple or red on ventral and lateral surface of the tongue

8. 4-lip & palate A- Cleft Lip: A developmental defect characterized by the failure of fusion of median nasal process and maxillary process. B-Cleft Palate: A developmental defect of the palate characterized by a lack of complete fusion of the two lateral portions of the palate, resulting in a communication with the nasal cavity.

9. C- Congenital Lip Pits: Autosomal dominant trait resulting in developmental defects involving the paramedial portion of the vermilion of the lower and upper lip or the labial commissure area. D- Double Lip : Anomaly characterized by a horizontal fold of redundant mucosal tissue located on the inner aspect of the upper lip.

10. 5-face A- Hemifacial Atrophy A characteristic loss in the soft tissues below the skin, usually on one side of the face; In some severe cases, the underlying bone is also effected. Clinical Features: 1st or 2nd decade of life, left side more commonly affected affected side hyperpigmented hollowing of cheek and the orbit trigeminal neuralgia, ocular changes, facial hair loss jaw bones and roots of teeth on affected side my exhibit delayed development and retarded tooth eruption Etiology: peripheral nerve dysfunction, trauma, infection, heredity

11. B- Hemifacial Hypertropy Clinical Features: Significant unilateral enlargement of the face (frontal bone, maxilla, palate, mandible., alveolar process, condyle, and associated soft tissues); usually the right side 15-20% have mental retardation and seizures; malocclusion due to enlarged teeth that often erupt early thick, course skin with excessive hair, sweat and sebaceous glands, unilateral macroglossia with increase size of fungiform papilla roots and crowns of the teeth are often enlarged and may prematurely erupt