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Chapter 2: Vocabulary

Chapter 2: Vocabulary. Bridging the Gap, 9/e Brenda Smith. In This Chapter You Will Answer the Questions:. How do you remember new words? What are context clues? Why learn prefixes, roots, and suffixes? What will you find in a dictionary? What is a glossary? What is a thesaurus?

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Chapter 2: Vocabulary

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  1. Chapter 2: Vocabulary Bridging the Gap, 9/eBrenda Smith 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  2. In This Chapter You Will Answer the Questions: • How do you remember new words? • What are context clues? • Why learn prefixes, roots, and suffixes? • What will you find in a dictionary? • What is a glossary? • What is a thesaurus? • What are analogies? • What are acronyms? • How are transitional words used? 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  3. Remembering New Words • Use Mnemonic Devices • Example: To remember that suppression means “to force out bad thoughts,” visualize SUPermanPRESSing evil thoughts away. Or remember the Superman movies. 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  4. MVEMJSUNP ROY G. BIV Every Good Boy Does Fine In fourteen hundred and ninety-two Columbus sailed the Ocean Blue. 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  5. Remembering New Words • Associate Words in Phrases • Associate Words with Rhymes or Sounds • Associate Words with Images • Associate Words in Families • Seek Reinforcement • Create Concept Cards 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  6. Using Context Clues • Definition or Synonym • Elaborating Details • Examples • Comparison • Contrast • Antonyms Pgs. 61-73 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  7. Definition/Synonym • A word is directly defined. • Words with the same or similar meaning. Clues -________- , ________, : Ms. Koledoye, my teacher, talks too much! Pg. 61

  8. Elaborating Details Descriptive details that illustrate the meaning. (explanation) Pg. 62

  9. Examples Examples that are given to clarify the meaning. Pg. 62

  10. Comparison & Contrast Comparison-The meaning of a word is compared to something else to show the similarity. Contrast- The meaning of a word is compared to something else to show the difference between the two. Pg. 63

  11. Antonyms • A word that means the opposite of the unknown word. Clues • But • Or • Yet • In contrast • On the other hand Pg. 64

  12. Tentative? • We have tentative plans to go on vacation in March, but we will not know for sure if we can go at that time until we check with our managers at work. • A. Go on vacation • B. Will not know for sure • C. Our managers at work

  13. To tabulate means to - After eight months of research in the field, Orson returned to working in his office, where he could go over his field notes, tabulate his data, and see what conclusions he could draw from his research. A. Organize information in a systematic way B. Discard or throw away C. Make difficult for others to understand

  14. Synthetic means - Clothing made of synthetic fibers has both advantages and disadvantages compared to clothing made of natural fibers. On one hand, natural fibers generally feel more comfortable next to the skin, but on the other hand, synthetic fibers usually require less upkeep. A. Created from materials taken from plants or animals • Created from human-made materials C. Created from flimsy or fragile materials

  15. Practice Pg. 65 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  16. Understanding the Structure of Words • Prefixes- before a word • Suffixes-after a word • Roots- base of a word • Word Families- words that look alike & have similar meanings 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  17. Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis Pg. 72

  18. With a partner, write down as many words as you can think of with the following word parts. Look at each word group, do the words in that group have any similar meanings? Re- Chron- Mis- Therm- Inter- Or/er/ist

  19. Using a Dictionary • Guide Words. • Pronunciation. • Part of Speech. • Spellings. • Origin. • Multiple Meanings. 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  20. Pg. 77

  21. Word Origins - Etymology • Bribe means - Favor or money given for influence • Origin - French bread given to a beggar 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  22. Using a Glossary/ Thesaurus Glossary- A list of words and their definitions found at the end of a book or chapter. Thesaurus- A book of words and their synonyms. Pg. 81

  23. Using Analogies • Analogies are comparisons that call upon your word knowledge and your ability to see relationships. • You can use these relationships to figure out a word. • Example: Trash is to refuse as soil is to dirt. OR Fork is to eat as television is to entertain. 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  24. Categories of Analogy Relationships • Synonyms • Antonyms • Function, use, or purpose • Classification • Characteristics and descriptions • Degree • Part to whole • Cause and effect Pg. 83

  25. Analogies (Synonyms) Synonyms: similar in meaning Example: Find is to locate as hope is to wish. 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  26. Analogies (Antonyms) Antonyms: Opposite in meaning Example: Accept is to reject as rude is to polite. 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  27. Analogies (Function) Function, use, or purpose: Identifies what something does, watch for the object (noun) and then the action (verb). Example: Pool is to swim as blanket is to warm. Practice Pg. 83

  28. Easily Confused Words • Homonyms: Words with different meanings that are spelled and sound alike. Ex. bear the burden and bear the animal • You’re, your • Stationary, stationery • There, their, they’re P. 85

  29. Recognizing Acronyms • An acronym is an abbreviation that is pronounced as a word. • What do these acronyms mean? • ATV • SCUBA • MRI • UNICEF Pg. 86

  30. Recognizing Transitional Words Transitional words connect ideas and signal the direction of a writer’s thought. • “In addition”– signals a continuation • “But” or “However” – signals a change Pg. 87

  31. Reader’s Tip: Types of Transitional Words • Addition • Example • Time Sequence • Comparison • Contrast • Cause and Effect 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  32. Summary Points • How do you remember new words? • What are context clues? • Why learn prefixes, roots, and suffixes? • What will you find in a dictionary? • What is a glossary? • What is a thesaurus? • What are analogies? • What are acronyms? • How are transitional words used? 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  33. Vocabulary Booster • Complete the Vocabulary Booster “Over, Under, Around, and Through.” Pgs. 89-92 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

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