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Industry

Industry. Chapter 11. Origin and Diffusion of the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution- new social, economic, and political inventions Diffusion of the Industrial Revolution Diffusion from the iron industry Coal, engineering, transportation Diffusion from the textile industry

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Industry

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  1. Industry Chapter 11

  2. Origin and Diffusion of the Industrial Revolution • The Industrial Revolution- new social, economic, and political inventions • Diffusion of the Industrial Revolution • Diffusion from the iron industry • Coal, engineering, transportation • Diffusion from the textile industry • Chemicals, food processing • Diffusion from the United Kingdom • Belgian, Italy, U.S. • Political instability led to the slow diffusion in Europe

  3. World Industrial Regions • North America • Industrialized areas in North America • New England, Middle Atlantic, Mohawk Valley, Pittsburgh-Lake Erie, Western Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Valley-Ontario Peninsula • Changing distribution of U.S. manufacturing • Declined in N.E but grew in S.E because of cheap labor, no unions • Europe • Western Europe • Rhine-Ruhr Valley, Mid-Rhine, U.K. and Northern Italy • Eastern Europe • Central Industrial District, St. Pete, Eastern Ukraine, Volga, Urals, Kuznetsk and Silesia

  4. World Industrial Regions • East Asia • Most heterogeneous industrial region • China has natural resources but not Japan or other E. Asian countries • E. Asia used its large labor force to compete in world market • Japan produced a large, skilled workforce to produce cheap, high quality products • China is a major exporter of steel and textiles • Japan’s concentration of industry is between Tokyo and Nagasaki • China’s concentration is Hong Kong, Yangtze River (Shanghai and Wuhan) and Gulf of Bo Hai (Tianjin, Beijing and Shenyang)

  5. Industrial Location • Situation factors-transportation • Location near inputs because of weigh or bulk to reduce transportation costs • Copper and Steel are examples • Location near markets • Bulk gaining- Soft drinks, scotch, TVs, refrigerators and automobiles • Single market- products are manufactured near market “Just in Time” • Perishable- Bakers, milk, newspapers, • Transportation choices-Ship, Rail, Truck or Air • Must consider distance, load and unload, warehouses • Trucks for short distance and Trains for longer distances • Air is the most expensive but useful for high value packages • Break of bulk points allows for multiple modes of transportation

  6. Industrial Location • Site factors-location near markets and break points more important than location near materials • Land • Land is cheaper outside of urban areas • Industries are attracted to location near energy sources or amenities • Labor • Location is dependant on the amount of labor needed and cost of labor • Textile industry may have multiple locations due to the type and cost of labor needed and location of input • Capital • The ability to borrow money greatly influences the location of industry • Automobiles, Silicon Valley and LDC development • Obstacles to optimum location • Footloose-due to technology • Corporate goal versus maximum profit

  7. Industrial Problems • Global perspective • Stagnant demand, market saturation and technology has caused demand to decrease while production increases • Increased capacity through global diffusion of Industrial Revolution has led to overproduction (steel) • More developed countries • Trading blocs- W. Hemisphere, W. Europe and E. Asia • Within these blocs, countries cooperate in trade • NAFTA, European Union • Disparities within trading blocs • European Regional Development Fund • Transnational corporations • Operates factories in countries other than where the headquarters are located • Japanese transnational corporation in U.S.

  8. Industrial Problems • Less developed countries • Industrial development can raise the value of exports and help the country to buy products or re-invest in the country • Old problems for LDCs • Distance from markets- hurts global participation in markets • Inadequate infrastructure- lack of transportation, communication, factories, universities • New problems for LDCs • Access to raw materials helps attract transnational corporations • Site factors like cheap labor attract transnational corporations • New international division of labor

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