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Industry

AP Human Geography. Industry. Sectors of the Economy. Primary sector (agriculture) Extraction of raw materials from the Earth Farming, mining, fishing, forestry Higher % in LDC’s than MDC’s, decreasing Secondary sector (industry) Turn raw materials into useful products

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Industry

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  1. AP Human Geography Industry

  2. Sectors of the Economy • Primary sector (agriculture) • Extraction of raw materials from the Earth • Farming, mining, fishing, forestry • Higher % in LDC’s than MDC’s, decreasing • Secondary sector (industry) • Turn raw materials into useful products • Food processing, manufacture of consumer goods • Decrease in MDC’s; increase in LDC’s • Tertiary sector (services) • Provision of goods and services in exchange for $ • Retail, banking, education, govt, etc. • High % in MDC’s

  3. What is Industry? • The manufacturing of goods in a factory • Secondary sector • Historically, major source of jobs in MDC’s. • Shifting from MDC’s to LDC’s • Impact of job loss in MDC’s

  4. The Industrial Revolution • Industrialization- the process by which a country moves from primary to secondary sector. • Begins mid to late 1700’s (18th century) in N. England/ S. Scotland • Diffusion to N. America/ W. Europe by mid-1800’s. • Rest of the world in 20th century. • Led to many social, economic, political changes.

  5. The Industrial Revolution • New technologies (steam engine) increase production…less reliance on animal/human power. • Shift from agricultural to industrial society • People leave rural areas for urban…cities grow rapidly! • Industries impacted by the IR: iron, coal, transportation, textiles, chemicals, food processing. • Overall, standard of living increases as a result of IR

  6. Watt Steam Engine

  7. Industry in Europe • Origin of the IR (Great Britain) • United Kingdom • Steel, textiles  High tech • Rhine-Ruhr Valley (Germany, Belgium, Netherlands) • Iron, steel, railroads, armaments  Port of Rotterdam • Mid-Rhine (Germany/ France) • Consumer markets • Po Basin (Italy) • Textile • NE Spain • Textile, vehicles • Russia

  8. Industry in North America • IR spread to U.S. early to mid- 1800’s • New England (Boston) • Textiles • Middle Atlantic (NYC/ Philly/Baltimore) • Largest American market, entertainment • Mohawk Valley (Buffalo) • Steel • Pittsburgh/ Lake Erie (Pitt/ Cleveland) • Steel • Western Great Lakes (Chicago, Detroit, Gary) • Steel, auto, food • So California (LA) • Clothing, textile, furniture • SE Ontario (Hamilton, ON) • Steel

  9. Industry in East Asia • Japan (1950-60’s) • Originally cut-rate goods…now highest quality • Cars, electronics, precision tools • Tokyo/ Nagasaki/ Osaka • China • Low-cost labor • Textiles/apparel • Household products • Guangdong/ Hong Kong/ Shanghai/ Beijing

  10. Proximity to Inputs • Input---Manufacturing---Retail/Service • Inputs= raw materials/natural resources • Bulk- reducing industry • Plant is located close to inputs if cost of transporting raw materials > finished product to consumer. • Ex. Copper, steel

  11. Proximity to Markets • Bulk gaining industry • Product gains volume/ weight during production • Ex. Fabricated metals, beverage (pop/beer) • Single market manufacturers • Located near only customer • Auto parts plant would be located near assembly plant. • Perishable products • Newspaper, foods

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