THE RELATIONSHIP OF SAFETY AND RISK MANAGEMENT TO ENGINEERING FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

1. THE RELATIONSHIP OF SAFETY AND RISK MANAGEMENT TO ENGINEERING FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Dr. M. Sam Mannan, PE, CSP Regents Professor and Director Holder of T. Michael O’Connor Chair I Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering Texas A&M University System

2. I am telling you we have to do Risk Assessment for an Asteroid or Comet collision! and if we don’t know the consequences we could be made extinct! I don’t believe a word! Don’t worry! We have ruled this planet for 160 million years! and We will always rule it! THE FIRST SAFETY CONFERENCE

3. Present G 20 Countries1

4. Future Energy Demand2 World Commercial Energy Use2

5. Deep Water Horizon • In September 2009, the rig drilled the deepest oil well in history at a vertical depth of 35,050 ft • On 20 April 2010, while drilling at the Macondo Prospect, an explosion on the rig caused by a blowout killed 11 crewmen • After burning for approximately 36 hours, Deepwater Horizon sank on 22 April 2010 • The resultant oil spill continued until July 15

6. Fukushima Nuclear Incident, 2011

7. Did the incident happen occasionally? • Over the intervening 33 years, other catastrophic incidents have grabbed the attention of the public and media • These incidents happened all over the world threatening people’s lives and property

8. Major Incidents from 1977 to 2009

9. Safety is a key factor in sustainable development • After so many disasters, more study should be dedicated to prevent incidents- make safety the second nature • New sustainability issues requires: • R&D to be put at the core of chemical industry. • Development of a longer term vision for the chemical • Development of inherently safe design that involves substances without risks for human health and environment

10. Safety Strategies • Inherent: when the safety features are built into the process, not added. • Passive: for example, safety features that do not require action by any device – they perform their intended function simply because they exist. • Active: for example, safety shutdown systems to prevent accidents (e.g., a high level alarm in a tank shuts automatic feed valves) or to mitigate the effects of accidents (e.g., a sprinkler system to extinguish a fire in a building). • Procedural: or operating procedures, for example, operator response to alarms. Emergency response procedures, safety rules and standard procedures, training.

11. Framework to Reduce Risk and Consequences of Incidents • Academic Research – improve the science and technology to prevent incidents • Industry Research - improve the regulations and management • Academic and industrial education

12. Academic Research-Reactive Chemicals • Reactivity of Ethylene Oxide in Contact with Contaminants • Self-reacting Chemical Safe Storage Modeling • Study of N-oxidation of Alkylpyridines with Hydrogen Peroxide using Molecular Simulations • Computational Research on Mechanism of Thermal Decomposition of CumeneHydroperoxide in Cumene & Evaluation of its Reactivity Hazard • Molecular Modeling for Runaway Reactions in Chemical Process APTAC

13. Academic Research-LNG Safety To support formulating guidelines for LNG fire mitigation and flammable cloud suppression. • Vapor dispersion CFD modeling • Water curtain modeling and design • Foam application optimization

14. Academic Research-Dust Explosion Methodology: Experimental measurement of dust explosive characteristics OBJECTIVES • Analyze influence of humidity content in Explosive characteristics • Study influence of particle size distribution in explosive characteristics Correlations between particle size distribution and dust explosive characteristics are required to predict explosion behavior. Humidity content on dust can significantly affect the explosion hazard.

15. Inherent safety design

16. Industrial Research-Process Safety Management PSM is the application of management principles and systems to the identification, understanding, and control of process hazards to protect employees, facility assets and the environment. Elements of PSM • Application • Employee Participation • Process Safety Information • Process Hazard Analysis • Operating Procedures • Employee Training • Contractors • Pre-Start up Safety Review • Mechanical Integrity • Hot Work (Non-routine Work Authorizations) • Management of Change • Incident Investigation • Emergency Planning and Response • Compliance Audits

17. Industrial Research- Safety Culture • Leadership and commitment of the Chief Executive and senior management. • The acceptance by line management that they have an executive role to play • The acceptance by all employees that safety must be incorporated into all the organisations activities. It is not just something that is added on at the end. • Good communication and a willingness to communicate. • The understanding of the importance of training and competence assurance. • The understanding that every accident, every incident is an unnecessary drain on the organisations resources.

18. Academic and Industrial Education Educate a new generation of engineers to whom the principles of process safety are second nature • Graduate students programs • Courses for undergraduate students as core curriculum • Safety Engineering Certificate • Long-distance learning • Training for company engineers

19. Concluding Remarks • Safety should be included along with environment, economics and social components of sustainable development • Companies cannot be sustainable without successful safety and risk management programs. And thus by extension, it is impossible for society to reach the goals for “engineering for sustainable development” without successful safety and risk management programs. • Our inability to adapt to the demands of a changing world and eco-system has the potential to take us down the same path as “dinosaurs.”

20. Thank you References • CIA: The World Fact Book • BP Energy Outlook 2030