“There’s plenty of room at the bottom” by R.P.Feynman Presented by Mustafa Sanver Winter 2002

1. “There’s plenty of room at the bottom” by R.P.Feynman Presented by Mustafa Sanver Winter 2002

2. Richard Phillips Feynman, Biography There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom Volumes of the Encyclopedia Britannica How do we write small? Information on a small scale Better electron microscope Miniaturizing the computer Miniaturizing by evaporation Rearranging the atoms High school competition Chronological Development of Nanotechnology Feynman Grand Prize References Conclusion Questions & Answers Contents

3. New York City, 1918 B.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1939 Ph.D. Princeton University, 1942 The atomic bomb project (1941-42) Los Alamos (1943-45). The chair of theoretical physics at Cornell University The chair of theoretical physics at Caltech,1950-1988 Richard Phillips Feynman, Biography 1918-1988

4. Albert Einstein Award, 1954 1959 Caltech Talk:There’s plenty of room at the bottom Feynman diagrams and the Nobel Prize, 1965 Niels Bohr International Gold Medal, 1973 Member of the Rogers Commission, 1986 Los Angles, 1988 Richard Phillips Feynman, Biography (cont.)

5. Remembered as an extraordinarily brilliant theoretical physicist a Nobel laureate a best seller a passionate and inspiring teacher a witty and lucid public speaker a lover of practical jokes and extremely informal a devoted family man a strong advocate for honesty in science and public policy Some of his Books Quantum Electrodynamics (1961) The Theory of Fundamental Processes (1961) The Feynman Lectures on Physics (1963-65) (3 volumes) The Character of Physical Law (1965) QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter (1985) Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman (1985) Richard Phillips Feynman Biography (cont.)

6. There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom December 29, 1959 “I would like to describe a field, in which little has been done, but in which an enormous amount can be done in principle.” “… the problem of manipulating and controlling things on a small scale”. Nail size electric motors, device to write the Lord’s Prayer “In the year 2000,…”

7. Head of a pin = 1/16” inch Magnify by 25000 diameters Eye power is 1/120 inch or half of “i” Demagnify 25000=80 Angstroms=32 atoms across=1000 atoms Writing: raised letters of metal,1/25000 Reading: mold-thin film of silica-shadowing with gold Copying: easy Volumes of the Encyclopedia Britannica

8. Reverse the lenses of the electron microscope Photo process and metal ions Light and optical microscope 24 millions of volumes of books 3 square yards = 35 pages of the Encyclopedia How do we write small

9. Positioning single atoms with a scanning tunneling microscope(STM)D. M. Eiger & E. K. Schweizer (NATURE VOL 344 5 APRIL 1990) Bucky Ball AbacusMaria Teresa Cuberes, James K. Gimzewski, and Reto R. Schlittler Applied Physics Letters, Vol 69, Num 20 (p. 3016),1996 How do we write small (cont.) http://www.rpi.edu/dept/materials/COURSES/NANO/shaw/Page3.html

10. Each letter = 6-7 “bits” Not only surface but the interior of the material Each bit = a cube of 5x5x5 atoms cube 2x10^15 bits in the Encyclopedia 1/200 inch wide cube of material Information on a small scale

11. Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) Writing Plastic substrate containing data written with an electron beam at 64Gbits(64x10^9)/sq.in. IBM Deskstar 25GP has the world's highest areal density (3.74 billion bits) or bits per square inch of any desktop PC hard drive. 11/11/1998 Information on a small scale (cont.) http://www.almaden.ibm.com

12. How to read today 10 angstroms Improvement by 100 times Resolution Wave length of the electron=1/20A Answering biological questions Easing chemical processes and analysis Better electron microscope

13. 1. Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) (schematic) Approximate Resolution 10 nm 2. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Resolution approximately 0.5 nm. 3. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HREM)Resolution approximately 0.1 nm. Better electron microscope (cont.) http://www.rpi.edu/dept/materials/COURSES/NANO/shaw/

14. One of the most effective advancements in microscopy is Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM). 4. The Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) was the first tool to be used in positioning atoms one at a time (Schematic) Resolution is 0.01 A 5. Another Breakthrough in Atomic Resolution and Atomic Manipulation is the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) Resolution is 0.01 A Better electron microscope (cont.) http://www.rpi.edu/dept/materials/COURSES/NANO/shaw/

15. Wires should be 10 or 100 atoms in diameter Circuits should be a few thousand angstroms across Millions of times as many elements Find the best way to make the calculation “But there is plenty of room to make them smaller. There is nothing that I can see in the physical laws that says the computer elements cannot be made enormously smaller than they are now. In fact, there may be certain advantages.” Miniaturizing the computer

16. Nanotube & Nanodevice Philip G. Collins, A. Zettl, Hiroshi Bando, Andreas Thess, R. E. Smalley Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Science VOL 278 3 OCTOBER 1997 pg.100 Miniaturizing the computer(cont.)

17. Evaporate the material Manufacture like the big ones Problems in such small machines Weight and inertia Electrical system Lubrication Combustion engine Miniaturizing by evaporation Micro Machine picture taken from yahoo/toys.com

18. Micro-actuator for Use in Credit Card Size Hard Drives Approximately 3 mm square Miniaturizing by evaporation(cont.) Silicon Micromachined Electromagnetic Microactuators for Rigid Disk Drives, 1995 http://touch.caltech.edu/home/personnel/faculty/yctai/yctaifr.html

19. Perfect copies New kinds of forces and new kinds of possibilities Chemical synthesis Rearranging the atoms Simple Pump designed by K. Eric Drexler

20. Nanobots drilling into a tumor Nanobot http://post.uwstout.edu/b/bushmane/gr4.htm

21. 5 x 10-7m = 500nm long NanoGitar 1997 http://post.uwstout.edu/b/bushmane/gr4.htm

22. ``How's this?'' - ``i'' it says: ``Not so hot.'' $1,000 prize for a page of book put into 1/25000 smaller scale to read with electron microscope $1000 prize for an operating electric motor High school competition

23. Chronological Nanotechnology

24. Foresight Institute $250,000 Nano-scale robotic arm and a computing device $1 million http://www.foresight.org Feynman Grand Prize:

25. References • http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/feynmanWeb.html • http://www.foresight.org • http://www.boston.com/globe/search/stories/nobel/1988/1988t.html • http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1965/feynman-bio.html • http://www.scs-intl.com/trader • http://www.search.caltech.edu/archives • http://wwwcdf.pd.infn.it/~loreti/science.html • http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Feynman.html • http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki • http://www3.ocn.ne.jp/~tttabata/tabfe2.htm • http://www.capitalizingonchange.org/forrest/df7.htm • http://nanozine/NANOMED.htm • http://post.uwstout.edu/b/bushmane/gr4.htm • http://www.almaden.ibm.com

26. “The principle of physics, as far as I can see, do not speak against the possibility of maneuvering things atom by atom.”, 1959 Where are you in nanotechnology? Conclusion

27. Questions and Answers Nanomedicine Theme Hairjacks Micro-Medics 2