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Civil Rights and WW II

Civil Rights and WW II. U.S. History PHS 1/14. A Phillip Randolph. 1942 Organized a march in Washington to protest: Discrimination in defense company hiring. Segregation in the U.S. military. 100,000 were expected to march in Washington. FDR tried to convince Randolph to back down.

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Civil Rights and WW II

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  1. Civil Rights and WW II U.S. History PHS 1/14

  2. A Phillip Randolph • 1942 Organized a march in Washington to protest: • Discrimination in defense company hiring. • Segregation in the U.S. military.

  3. 100,000 were expected to march in Washington • FDR tried to convince Randolph to back down. • FDR creates the FairEmployment Practices Commission andlegislates an end to discrimination in defense industry hiring.

  4. James Farmer • 1942 founds CORE • Congress of Racial Equality. • Confronts racial inequality in the North. • Stages first “sit-in” at a segregated Chicago Restaurant to protest discrimination.

  5. Zoot Suit Riots • Summer 1943 Los Angeles • Clashes between U.S. servicemen and Mexican-Americans in Los Angeles. • 11 servicemen claim they were attacked by “Zoot Suit” wearing Mexican-Americans

  6. Detroit 1943 Riots • The worst race riot of the war years. • Started at a beach on on the Detroit River between Whites and Blacks. • Lasted 3 days. • 9 whites and 25 Blacks died.

  7. Japanese-American Internment • Feb. 1942 • Japanese Americans in California, Washington, Oregon and Arizona are removed to re-location camps. • 2/3 are Nisei- Japanese-Americans born in U.S. to Immigrant parents. • Thousands of Nisei had already joined military to fight war.

  8. No charges are ever filed against Japanese-Americans. • No evidence of subversion ever found. • Manzanar

  9. Korematsu v. United States 1944 • Fred Korematsu sues U.S. government for violating his rights as a citizen. • Court rules in favor of U.S. government. • “Military Necessity” justified actions.

  10. Fred Korematsu receives Presidential Freedom Award from President Clinton 1998 • 1988 US pays $20,000 reparation to internees. • 1/10 amount lost by average internee.

  11. 442nd Regimental Combat Team • Highly decorated American unit in WW II Europe. • Made up of Japanese-Americans (Nisei)

  12. Navajo Code Talkers • Native Americans recruited as radio operators • Used native Navajo language to communicate messages in Pacific Islands. • Confused Japanese, giving American forces the advantage.

  13. Tuskegee Airmen • African-American fighter pilots • Trained in segregated units in Alabama • Flew successfully in Europe • “Red Tails” • red tails trailer 2012

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