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Proteins

Proteins are vital compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulphur and phosphorus. This text explains the structure of proteins, the condensation and hydrolysis processes, and their various functions in the body. It also covers the test used to detect proteins, known as the Biuret test.

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Proteins

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  1. Proteins • are compounds of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulphur, phosphorus • amino acids: • unit of proteins • about 20 different types • essential and non-essential types

  2. An amino acid molecules R C COOH carboxyl group H2N amino group H

  3. The condensation and hydrolysis of a polypeptide 4 1 2 5 3 condensation hydrolysis 1 2 3 4 5

  4. Condensation of two amino acid to form a dipeptide O R1 H H C H2N C N C COOH OH H H R2 H2O R1 H O C H2N C---N C COOH H H R2

  5. Functions of proteins • components of cell membranes and cytoplasm • for growth and repair of body cells • for making enzymes, hormones, antibodies and haemoglobin • provide energy during starvation • excess protein is under deamination in the liver • deficiency disease: Kwashiorkor

  6. Test for proteins / Biuret test egg white solution 1 cm3 NaOH solution Put CuSO2 solution drop by drop, and shake the mixture after addition of each drop Positive result: purple colour

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