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AP Human Geography Week #24

AP Human Geography Week #24. Winter 2013. AP Human Geography 2/24/14 http://mrmilewski.com. OBJECTIVE: Demonstrate mastery of Chapter#9-Political Geography & begin examination of agriculture. APHugVII I. Administrative Stuff -Attendance & distribution of test II. Chapter#9 Test

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AP Human Geography Week #24

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  1. AP Human Geography Week #24 Winter 2013

  2. AP Human Geography 2/24/14http://mrmilewski.com • OBJECTIVE: Demonstrate mastery of Chapter#9-Political Geography & begin examination of agriculture. APHugVII • I. Administrative Stuff -Attendance & distribution of test • II. Chapter#9 Test • III. Journal#75 • Chapter#11 vocabulary • Homework: Read p.349-351 • NOTICE: 79 Days until the AP Test May 13th

  3. Last Week to Register for AP Exams • Students, you can now pay for your AP Exams by cash or money order (NO CHECK). Give the cash or money order to the secretary in the Counseling Office all this week. • Exam fees are $89.00 per exam. If you receive free or reduced lunch, Exam fees are $25.00 per exam. • Once your exam fees are paid, you get a t-shirt. • Exam fees MUST BE PAID by March 1st !!

  4. 1.) Agriculture • The deliberate tending of crops • Example: What feeds our families http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2157/1519658560_d48811a794.jpg

  5. 2.) Primary Economic Activity • Involves those products closest to the ground such as agriculture, ranching, hunting & gathering, fishing, forestry, mining, and quarrying. • Example: What this chapter is about http://www.southtravels.com/pacific/americansamoa/traveltips/gifs/economy.jpg

  6. 3.) Secondary Economic Activity • Activities that take a primary product and manufacture it • Example: What Chapter#12 is about http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2649/4024864398_f78031c035.jpg

  7. 4.) Root Crop • Crops that are reproduced by cultivating roots or cutting plants (tubers, including manioc or cassava, yams and sweet potatoes) • Example: Beginning of human plant domestication. https://www.msu.edu/~longabau/gis_project/images/cassava.jpg

  8. 5.) Seed Crop • Plants that reproduce by growing seeds. More complex process that includes seed selection, sowing, watering, and well-timed harvesting. • Example: Basis of first agricultural revolution. http://www.dsv-seeds.com/export/system/modules/de.dsv/resources/common_images/unternehmen/produktion.jpg

  9. 6.) Agricultural Revolution • Three parts • 1st 14,000 years ago • 2nd seventeenth & eighteenth century • 3rd Green revolution 1930s & 1940s • Example: These 3 revolutions led to the creation and growth of society http://agricindia.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/a1.jpg?w=300&h=219

  10. 7.) Slash & Burn • All the vegetation cut down and burned • Example: Mainly used in tropical regions

  11. 8.) van Thunen Model • First model to analyze the spatial character of and economic activity • Example: Why certain agricultural industries locate where they do http://0.tqn.com/d/geography/1/G/b/9/vt.gif

  12. 9.) GM Crops • genetically modified organisms • Example: 75% of all processed foods in the US today are GM http://sitemaker.umich.edu/sec006group5/files/percent_gmos_worldwide_chart.gif

  13. 10.) Climatic Regions • Areas of similar climatic characteristics • Example: Lets you know what you can grow http://pinebaskets.tripod.com/climatezones.gif

  14. AP Human Geography 2/25/14http://mrmilewski.com • OBJECTIVE: Examination of the Second and Third Agricultural Revolutions. APHugV.A.2&3 • I. Journal#76 pt.A -Watch the following: -Ethiopia: A Battle for Land and Water • II. Journal#76 pt.B -notes on “Guns, Germs, and Steel” • Homework: Read p.352-355 • Notice: 78 Days until the AP Test May 13th

  15. Last Week to Register for AP Exams • Students, you can now pay for your AP Exams by cash or money order (NO CHECK). Give the cash or money order to the secretary in the Counseling Office all this week. • Exam fees are $89.00 per exam. If you receive free or reduced lunch, Exam fees are $25.00 per exam. • Once your exam fees are paid, you get a t-shirt. • Exam fees MUST BE PAID by March 1st !!

  16. Episode 1 Chapters 6-8: The Impact of Productive Farming, Animal Domestication & Types of Farmed Animals

  17. AP Human Geography 2/26/14http://mrmilewski.com • OBJECTIVE: Begin examination of Agriculture. APHugV • I. Journal#77 pt.A -Watch the following: -Tiny Mussels Invade Great Lakes, Threaten Fishing Industry • II. Return of Chapter#9 Test • III. Quiz#43 • IV. Journal#77 pt.B -notes on agriculture • Homework: Read p.355-358 • Notice: 77 Days until the AP Test May 13th

  18. Last Week to Register for AP Exams • Students, you can now pay for your AP Exams by cash or money order (NO CHECK). Give the cash or money order to the secretary in the Counseling Office all this week. • Exam fees are $89.00 per exam. If you receive free or reduced lunch, Exam fees are $25.00 per exam. • Once your exam fees are paid, you get a t-shirt. • Exam fees MUST BE PAID by March 1st !!

  19. Arable Land

  20. Economic Activities • Primary economic activities: Products closest to the ground • Secondary economic activities: Manufacturing of primary products into new products • Tertiary economic activities: Services, connecting producers to consumers to facilitate trade • Quaternary economic activities: Information or the exchange of goods • Quinary economic activities: Tied into research or higher education

  21. Labor Force in Agriculture, 2005 Fig. 10-3: A large proportion of workers in most LDCs are in agriculture, while only a small percentage of workers in MDCs are engaged in agriculture.

  22. Tractors, per cropland Fig. 10-4: Tractors per 1000 hectares of cropland. Use of machinery is extensive in most MDC agriculture, but it is much less common in LDCs.

  23. The First Agricultural Revolution • South and Southeast Asia: Root crops, up to 14,000 years ago • Southwest Asia (the Fertile Crescent): Seed crops, about 10,000 years ago

  24. The Fertile Crescent • Beginning of planned cultivation of seed crops • Enlargement of plants from seed selection • Generated a surplus of wheat and barley • First integration of plant growing and animal raising • Crops to feed livestock • Livestock to help grow crops • Animal domestication • Began in Fertile Crescent (c. 8000 years ago) • Relatively few domestic animals • Continuing efforts at domesticating animals usually not very successful

  25. The Fertile Crescent

  26. Modern Hunters-Gatherers • Pressure to change in globalized economy • Studied and mapped groups • San of Southern Africa • Aboriginals of Australia • Indigenous peoples of Brazil • Groups in Americas, Africa, Asia

  27. Subsistence Agriculture • Strict meaning: Farmers produce enough for themselves and their families and do not enter the cash economy at all • Today, usually sell small amounts in the market • Characteristics • Land held in common • Surpluses shared with everyone • Personal wealth accumulation restricted • Individual advancement at expense of group limited

  28. Subsistence Agriculture

  29. Shifting Cultivation • Shifting fields to find better land • Practiced primarily in tropical and subtropical regions • Cycle • Clear plot of vegetation • Plant crops • Loss of fertility • Loss of decaying vegetation • Leaching of nutrients • Abandon plot and begin again in a new location

  30. Shifting Cultivation in Guatemala Dense vegetation has been cut and is being burned to open land for farming.

  31. Land Clearing in Colombia Bulldozers are used to plow a road through the rain forest in Colombia.

  32. AP Human Geography 2/27/14http://mrmilewski.com • OBJECTIVE: Examination of the Second and Third Agricultural Revolutions. APHugV.A.2&3 • I. Journal#78 pt.A -Watch the following: -Keeping Asian Carp out of the Great Lakes • II. Journal#78 pt.B -notes on 2nd & 3rd agricultural revolution • III. Begin Final Exam Review • Homework: Read p.358-361 • Notice: 76 Days until the AP Test May 13th

  33. TOMORROW is the LAST DAY to Register for AP Exams • Students, you can now pay for your AP Exams by cash or money order (NO CHECK). Give the cash or money order to the secretary in the Counseling Office all this week. • Exam fees are $89.00 per exam. If you receive free or reduced lunch, Exam fees are $25.00 per exam. • Once your exam fees are paid, you get a t-shirt. • Exam fees MUST BE PAID by March 1st !!

  34. How Did Agriculture Change with Industrialization? • Second Agricultural Revolution: A series of innovations, improvements, and techniques used to improve the output of agricultural surpluses • New tools • Advances in livestock breeding • New fertilizers • Started before the Industrial Revolution

  35. Von Thünen Model • Variation in products by distance from the town, with livestock raising farthest away • Use of land governed by cost of transportation • First effort to analyze the spatial character of economic activity

  36. Fig. 10-13: Von Thünen’s model shows how distance from a city or market affects the choice of agricultural activity in (a) a uniform landscape and (b) one with a river.

  37. Application of Von Thünen Model • Chinese village • Land improvement (by adding organic material) close to village • Land degradation (lots of pesticides and fewer conservation tactics) farther from village • Wealthy countries • Underlying principles on larger scale • Use of faster, higher capacity transportation

  38. Third Agriculture Revolution(Green Revolution) • Began in U.S. Midwest, then applied to less wealthy countries • Invention of high-yield grains, especially rice, with goal of reducing hunger • Increased production of rice • New varieties of wheat and corn • Reduced famines due to crop failure • Most famines today due to political problems • Impact (in terms of hunger) greatest where rice is produced

  39. Green Revolution Experiments

  40. Grain Importers & Exporters Fig. 10-15: Most countries are net importers of grain. The U.S. is the largest net exporter.

  41. Average Daily Calorie Consumption per Capita

  42. Opposition to Green Revolution • Vulnerability to pests • Soil erosion • Water shortages • Micronutrient deficiencies • Dependency on chemicals for production • Loss of control over seeds • Genetically modified (GM) crops

  43. Under-nourished Proportion Fig. 10-16: The proportion of under-nourished population has declined in most LDCs, but is much higher in sub-Saharan Africa than in other areas of the world.

  44. Population and Grain Production in Africa, 1961-2005 Fig. 10-17: Cereal production has not kept up with the high rate of population growth in sub-Saharan Africa. (The graph is set to a base of 1.0 in 1961).

  45. AP Human Geography 2/28/14http://mrmilewski.com • OBJECTIVE:Examine the creation of the modern chemical industry. APHugVI.A.2 • I. Attendance • II. Quiz#44 • III. Connections: episode#7 -Watch the film about “The Long Chain” and answer questions while viewing. • Homework: Read p.361-365 • Notice: 75 Days until the AP Exam May 13th

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