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Neuron Physiology

Neuron Physiology. How do nerves transmit signals and communicate?. www.liv.ac.uk/ . Neurons. Selectively permeable to Na + and K + At rest, membrane is polarized ; K + inside cell, Na + outside cell. Sodium channels open and allow Na + to diffuse into the cell.

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Neuron Physiology

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  1. Neuron Physiology How do nerves transmit signals and communicate? www.liv.ac.uk/

  2. Neurons • Selectively permeable to Na+ and K+ • At rest, membrane is polarized; K+ inside cell, Na+ outside cell

  3. Sodium channels open and allow Na+ to diffuse into the cell

  4. Inside of cell temporarily more positive than the outside • Depolarization

  5. Outside of cell • Potassium channels open allowing K+ to flow out of cell Inside of cell

  6. Negative charge is restored on inside of membrane • Repolarization

  7. Action Potential • Action Potential = an electrical event occurring when a stimulus is applied allowing for Na+ into the neuron and reverse the polarity of the cell • Animation

  8. Action Potential • Localized event • Self-propagating • Moves in one direction Impulse Animation http://kvhs.nbed.nb.ca/gallant/biology/action_potential_propagation.jpg

  9. Impulse travels down axon • Reaches terminal branches – synaptic knobs

  10. Within synaptic knobs are synaptic vesicles • Contain neurotransmitters (ex: acetylcholine) • Synaptic vesicles fuse with membrane • Release contents into synaptic cleft • Animation

  11. Neurotransmitters diffuse across the gap and attach to receptors on receiving neuron. • Permeability of membrane changes • Na+ diffuse into receiving cell • Impulse continues • Neurotransmitter removed or destroyed. • Transmission Across a Synapse Animation

  12. Neurotransmitters • Acetylcholine = responsible for control of muscle tissue • Histamine = responsible for symptoms of allergic reactions • Dopamine = helps to provide feelings of enjoyment • Seratonin = helps to regulate mood

  13. You Tube Videos (~10 minutes) • Anatomy of a nerve • Nerve Impulse • Action Potential Animation • Good overview:

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