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Identifying Plants in Winter. By Charlie Dubay Workshop presented to John Clayton Chapter, VNPS on 2/18/12. Slides 1-5: Reference: www.dof.virginia.gov. SOME WAYS WE IDENTIFY WOODY PLANTS IN WINTER Old leaves (on ground or dried on the tree) Buds (number/shape/color)
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Identifying Plants in Winter By Charlie Dubay Workshop presented to John Clayton Chapter, VNPS on 2/18/12 Slides 1-5: Reference: www.dof.virginia.gov
SOME WAYS WE IDENTIFY • WOODY PLANTS IN WINTER • Old leaves (on ground or dried on the tree) • Buds (number/shape/color) • Twig (color/rough/smooth/fat/thin/thorns/zig-zag) • Twig odor when scratched • Leaf/bud/twig attachment (opposite/alternate) • Leaf type (scale/needle/broad/compound/simple) • Leaf scar (shape/bud position/bundle scars) • Evergreen or deciduous • Bark (rough/smooth/color/lower branches) • Fruits (dried or ripe on tree or on ground) • Habitat (wet/dry/shade/sun/slope/flat) • Plant growth form (vine/shrub/tree)
What to look for to ID plants • DESCRIPTIONS • Circle all that apply: • Dof.virginia.gov oregonmag.com hsbcubscouts.org • A. Leaf Type: Scale Needle BroadEvergreen or • Deciduous • Compound or Simple Buckeyeleaf.com dkimages.com z.about.com marz-kreations.com • palmatepinnate palmate Pinnate • Leafletsleafletsveinsveins • B. Leaf Attachment: Opposite or Alternate • dnr.state.md.us dnr.state.md.us • C. Leaf Size: ( Use ruler on page edge →) • (or you can estimate – First • joint in thumb = 1 inch) Length: _________inches Width: __________ inches • D. Describe/sketch Fruits (if present): State the date: • (Give size as well) • E. Describe/sketch Flowers (if present): State the date: • (Give size as well)
Leaf Type: scale Needle Broad
Simple: Palmate veins Pinnate veins Compound: Palmate leaflets Pinnate leaflets
Opposite Alternate
C. Leaf Size: ( Use ruler on page edge →) (or you can estimate – First joint in thumb = 1 inch) Length: _________inches Width: __________ inches D. Describe/sketch Fruits (if present): State the date: (Give size as well) E. Describe/sketch Flowers (if present): State the date: (Give size as well)
F. Leaf Edge: Entire (smooth) (no teeth or lobes) teeth Lobes rounded lobes bristle hairs at lobe tips
Habitat: Buds: Black Gum ibiblio.org botany.csdl.tamu.edu TWIG (the VERY TIP PART of the branch): thickness markings or bumps or bends Attachment(opposite/alternate color(s) ODOR
mature bark White Oak Group Red Oak Group Yellow Poplar
Examples of local forest Plants and plant-like Organisms
LICHENS: Part Fungus and part Alga WWW.CLBT.ORG
THREE GROWTH FORMS: CRUSTOSE FOLIOSE FRUTICOSE
FERNS Fiddle heads Adult fern CHRISTMAS FERN
Devil’s Walking Stick dkimages.com butler.edu
American Beech Duke.edu dcnr.state.pa.us Note: dried leaves stay on tree in winter – Buds resemble thorns Nuts are delicious!!
American Hornbeam Compare to Eastern Hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana) with Its peely bark!! botany.csdl.tamu.edu Smooth ‘wavy’ bark
The oaks (Have multiple buds at twig tip!!) Northern Red Oak Scarlet Oak (Whitish hairs on bud tips) cas.vanderbilt.edu
C E A Smooth back or chestofbooks.com chestofbooks.com departments.bloomu.edu D Soft fuzz on back F B
Yellow Poplar: C E A F B D
Black Gum 1 INCH ‘HEXAGONS’ Light colored tip on DARK red buds botany.csdl.tamu.edu ibiblio.org B C A
(NOT-why?) Persimmon Persimmon B fp.auburn.edu A C
A SOURWOOD C D gloucesterva.info OFTEN LEANS fp.auburn.ed B TAN IN GROOVES
SYCAMORE How do we know it isn’t Sweetgum (4 WAYS)? A D B biology.clc.uc.edu tree-species.blogspot.com commons.wikimedia.org ncrowdkids.com flickr.com Sweetgum C E F
BLACK CHERRY Twig & Bud Young bark Old bark Scratch & it STINKS!! una.edu cas.vanderbilt.edu
Hickory species (Probably Mockernut H.) msuplants.com chestofbooks.com dailykos.com With criss-cross markings on bark (behind the Beech) Thick husk - thin husk On Mockernut on Pignut
Eastern Red Cedar forestry.about.com treesandshrubs.about.com Bark 2 types of needles
Pines of Williamsburg, VA Loblolly Virginia Shortleaf cnr.vt.edu cas.vanderbilt.edu earlyforest.com forestry.ky.gov mdc.mo.gov Virginia Loblolly or Shortleaf
American Holly floridata.com
OPPOSITE LEAF TREES The “MAD” Trees!! (Maple, Ash & Dogwood)
Red Maple: woodmagic.vt.edu Find similar images outdoors.org outdoors.org outdoors.org tapmytrees.com Older bark Like white oak treegrowersdiary.com Young bark
Ash Twigs in Winter Green Ash White Ash http://ohioline.osu.edu/for-fact/0055.html
Flowering Dogwood (watch for Swamp Dogwood in wetlands) treetopics.com flwildflowers.com treetopics.com missouriplants.com
Cross vine Young – 2 leaf stage
Summer Winter Poison Ivy chestofbooks.com urban-science.blogspot.com duke.edu sfrc.ufl.edu
Let’s see how much we remember:Use the answer sheet provided 1. 3. 2. 4.
5. 7. biology.clc.uc.edu duke.edu 6. 8.
9. 11. mdc.mo.gov duke.edu 10. 12. floridata.com 42
13. 15. 14. 16. ibiblio.org fp.auburn.edu 43
17. 19. chestofbooks.com 18. 20. 44
ANSWER KEY • Eastern Red cedar • River Birch • Black Cherry/Cherrybark Oak • Foliose Lichen • Sycamore • Red Maple • Poison Ivy • Cross Vine • Shortleaf Pine • Flowering Dogwood • Cross Vine • American Holly • Sourwood • Persimmon • American Hornbeam • Black Gum • Devil’s Walking Stick • Red Oak GROUP • Basket Oak • Yellow Poplar