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Socialism

Socialism . Causes. Desire to reorganize society to establish cooperation and a new sense of community Increasing misery of working class disturbed liberal thinkers, who proposed a modification of laissez-faire economics

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Socialism

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  1. Socialism

  2. Causes • Desire to reorganize society to establish cooperation and a new sense of community • Increasing misery of working class disturbed liberal thinkers, who proposed a modification of laissez-faire economics • Liberal practices in politics and economics seemed to promote selfish individualism • Not until 19th century did issue of social justice gain broad intellectual base and greater support

  3. Early French Socialists • Proposed a system of greater economic equality planned by the government (Utopian Socialism)

  4. Count Henri de Saint-Simon • 1760-1825 • Industrialization would bring a wondrous new age to Europe • Proper social organization would require the “parasites” – court, aristocrats, lawyers, churchmen – to give way to the “doers” – leading scientists, engineers, and industrialists • Main goal – improve conditions for the poor

  5. Louis Blanc • 1811-1882 • Urged workers to fight for universal suffrage and to take control of the state peacefully • Gov’t should set up workshops and factories to guarantee full employment

  6. Pierre Joseph Proudhon • 1809-1865 • What is Property? • Believed property was profit stolen from worker, who was source of all wealth

  7. Charles Fourier • 1772-1837 • Sought planned economy and socialist communities • Seven utopian communities founded along his ideas (most in US)

  8. Christian Socialism • England, 1848 • Believed the evils of industrialism would be ended by following Christian principles • Attempted to bridge gap between the anti-religious socialism and Christian social justice for workers

  9. Scientific Socialism or Marxism • Developed by Karl Marx and Friederich Engels • The Communist Manifesto • Considered the “bible” of communism • Intended to replace utopian hopes and dreams with a brutal, militant blueprint for socialist working class success

  10. Dialectical Materialism • The Economic interpretation of history • All human history determined by economic factors (mainly who controls means of production and distribution) • The Class Struggle • Since the beginning of time there has been a class struggle between rich and poor

  11. Dialectical Materialism • Theory of Surplus Value • True value of a product is labor, since worker receives small portion of his just labor price, the difference is “stolen” from him by capitalist • Socialism was inevitable • Capitalism contains the seeds of its own destruction

  12. Dialectical Materialism • Violent Revolution • The increasing gap between proletariat and bourgeoisie will be so great that the working classes will rise up in revolution and overthrow the elite bourgeoisie • Creation of a classless society • Will result as modern capitalism is dismantled

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