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ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS FROM TACTICAL UNMANNED AERONATICAL VEHICLES Patricia Pauley, Larry Phegley, Gerard Vogel

ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS FROM TACTICAL UNMANNED AERONATICAL VEHICLES Patricia Pauley, Larry Phegley, Gerard Vogel Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California CAPT Barry Hunte, USAF USAF 57 Operations Support Squadron Predator Weather Nellis AFB, Nevada. PREDATOR.

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ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS FROM TACTICAL UNMANNED AERONATICAL VEHICLES Patricia Pauley, Larry Phegley, Gerard Vogel

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  1. ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS FROM TACTICAL UNMANNED AERONATICAL VEHICLES Patricia Pauley, Larry Phegley, Gerard Vogel Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California CAPT Barry Hunte, USAF USAF 57 Operations Support Squadron Predator Weather Nellis AFB, Nevada

  2. PREDATOR http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/predator/specs.html

  3. Flow of Meteorological Data Predator GCS AMDAR PC NRL & FNMOC http://fas.org/irp/doddir/usaf/conops_uav/part06.htm

  4. Predator AMDAR • Data encoded using WMO FM-42 (AMDAR) format • Messages include: • Aircraft identifier • Observation time (to the nearest minute) • Pressure altitude (to the nearest 100 ft) • Latitude and longitude (to the nearest minute) • Air temperature (to the nearest 0.1°C) • Wind direction and speed (to the nearest degree/knot) • Flight phase • Roll and pitch angles (non-standard)

  5. Predator AMDAR • Sampling rates: • Approximately 1000 ft (300 m) in ascents and descents (can have more than one report per minute) • Approximately 5 min in level flight

  6. Analysis/Forecast Cycle Observation minus background equals innovation Observations within 3 hours of the analysis time are used The data assimilation system produces corrections to the background fields The forecast model provides the background estimate of the current atmospheric state The analysis provides the initial conditions for the next model forecast These corrections are added to the background to form the analysis

  7. Evaluating Predator AMDAR • Data from Predator training flights out of Creech AFB • Approximately 20 flights available • 9 June to 5 Aug 2005 • Start time typically between 1430 and 1800 UTC • Duration typically 1.5 to 4 hr • Predator data compared with: • Desert Rock (72387) rawinsonde observations • Commercial aircraft data from McCarran Int’l • Model background (“innovations”) • Analysis (“residuals”)

  8. Case 1: PR091 • First flight processed through FNMOC decoders and NAVDAS pre-processor • From 1632 to 2119 UTC 13 June 2005 • Series of touch-and-go’s in the middle of the flight

  9. Case 2: PR102 • Flight cruised near 450 mb and landed near rawinsonde launch time • From 1801 to 2200 UTC 23 June 2005 • High-resolution rawinsonde temperatures obtained

  10. Case 3: PR102 • First flight processed through the FNMOC beta run • First flight processed through all of NAVDAS residuals as well as innovations available • From 1618 to 1820 UTC 23 June 2005

  11. Summary • Predator AMDAR data received at NRL / FNMOC from approximately 20 flights from 9 June to 5 Aug 2005 • Temperatures warmer than NOGAPS background field by 2-4°C • Temperature innovations in ascents warmer than in descents • Winds reasonable for small roll angles

  12. Future Plans • Obtain collocated rawinsonde data for comparison • Implement a correction scheme for the apparent temperature sensor lag • Determine whether the airspeed correction is applied to the temperatures and correct if necessary • As sufficient data become available, determine a reasonable roll angle threshold for wind data • Utilize UAV data in operational NAVDAS runs at FNMOC

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