1 / 21

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON LIVESTOCK AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON LIVESTOCK AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES. Kshitiz Shrestha IAAS, Nepal. www.powerpointpresentationon.blogspot.com. Air. Water. Elements of atmosphere. Climate.

morse
Download Presentation

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON LIVESTOCK AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON LIVESTOCK AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES Kshitiz Shrestha IAAS, Nepal www.powerpointpresentationon.blogspot.com

  2. Air Water Elements of atmosphere Climate Specific atmospheric trend and pattern of particular place determined by the interaction of Atmospheric elements Interaction O2 Water vapour CO2 Rainfall Others Snow,Hailstone Winds Pattern Concentration Solar radiation/ Temperature Heat Cold

  3. Natural,Unavoidable, Adaptable, Slow Existing form Quality, pattern of climatic elements ChangedClimate Abnormal, Difficult to adapt, Avoidable, Rapid Climate Change Natural climate change Natural process Anthropogeniccontribution Accelerated climate change Pressing global issue at present

  4. Climate change is a phenomenon due to emissions of greenhouse gases from fuel combustion, deforestation, urbanization and industrialization (Upreti, 1999) resulting variations in solar energy, temperature and precipitation. Between 1970 and 2004 global GHGs emissions have increased by 70 %

  5. Livestock : GHG emissions N2O • Livestock  18 % of GHGs • The enteric fermentation of animals, • Manure (waste products), • Production of feed and forage (Dourmad et al., 2008). • Indirect sources : changes in land use and deforestation to create pasture land. CH4

  6. Climate change will have major impact on the people who depend on livestock for their livelihoods (Thornton et al., 2002).

  7. Climate Change and its Impacts in Nepal • Approximately 0.06 degrees Celsius per year. • Temperature in the Himalayas is increasing at a faster rate. • The Rika Samba Glacier in the Dhaulagiri region is retreating at a rate of 10m per year. • The AX010 Glacier of ShorongHimal will be extinct by 2060 if the current trend continues. • More than 40 Himalayan glacial lakes are dangerously closed to bursting (UNEP). • Rapidly melting glaciers means more seasonal variation in river flow water shortage, frequent floods and draughts in the country.

  8. Direct And Indirect Impacts On Livestock And Livestock Systems • Feeds: quantity and quality • Herbage growth and quality • Changes in composition of pasture • Changing concentration of water soluble carbohydrates and N at given dry matter yields • Lignifications of plant tissues

  9. …Impacts on livestock B. Heat stress : • Feed intake, mortality, growth, reproduction, maintenance and production • Increased energy deficits C. Water : • Water scarcity • Not only will affect livestock drinking water sources, but it will also have a bearing on livestock feed production systems and pasture yield (Thornton et al., 2008)

  10. …Impacts on livestock D. Livestock diseases and disease vectors • Vector-borne diseases could be affected by: (i) Expansion of vector populations into more temperate zones (such as livestock tick-borne diseases in higher altitude areas). (ii) Changes in rainfall pattern during wetter years, which could also lead to expanding vector populations and large-scale outbreaks of disease.

  11. …Impacts on livestock Livestock disease ….contd… • Helminthes infections. • Trypanotolerance- could be lost. • Distribution and impact of malaria in many systems. • Schistosomiasis and lymphatic filariasis in irrigated systems. • Heat-related mortality and morbidity could increase (Thornton et al., 2008).

  12. …Impacts on livestock E. Biodiversity • A 2.5° C rise in global temperature high risk of extinction. • Local and rare breeds could be lost

  13. Livestock Adaptation strategies Breeding strategies • Identifying and strengthening local breeds • Adapted to local climatic stress and feed sources • Heat tolerant breeds • Disease tolerant breeds • Improving local genetics • Cross-breeding

  14. …Adaptation strategies… Capacity building for livestock keepers • increasing awareness of global changes. training in agro-ecological technologies and practices for the production and conservation of fodder improves the supply of animal feed and reduces malnutrition and mortality in herds.

  15. …Adaptation strategies… Livestock management systems • Shade and water to reduce heat stress. • Reduction of livestock numbers – a lower number of more productive animals leads to more efficient production and lower GHG emissions from livestock production (Batima, 2007). • Changes in herd composition (selection of large animals rather than small) • Improved management of water resources (e.g. drip and sprinkler irrigation, store rainwater).

  16. Mitigation of livestock GHG emissions • Higher concentrate in the diet  lower the emission of CH4. • Management of animal waste products (covered storage facilities). • Pasture grazing through rotational grazing. • Management of feed crop production. • Selection of faster growing breeds. • Lowering livestock production and consumption

  17. Take-home messages • Participatory approaches to sustainable management of natural resources • Community involvement in adaptation strategies • Financial incentives • Risk management mechanisms • Awareness and education • Mitigation strategies • Innovation, research and technology development • Indigenous knowledge

  18. References • Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA). 2007. The state of the world animal genetic resources for food and agriculture. FAO, Rome, 523 pp. • Dourmad, J., Rigolot, C., and Hayo van derWerf, 2008. Emission of Greenhouse Gas: Developing management and animal farming systems to assist mitigation. Livestock and Global Change conference proceeding. May 2008, Tunisia. • FAO, 2008b. Climate-related Transboundary Pests and Diseases Including Relevant Aquatic Species. Expert meeting,

  19. FAO. 2007b. Adaptation to Climate Change in Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries: perspective, framework and priorities. FAO, Rome. • Hahn, G.L. 1999. Dunamic Responses of cattle to thermal heat loads. Journal of Animal Science. Vol.77, 10-20. • Hoffmann, I. 2008. Livestock Genetic Diversity and Climate Change Adaptation. Livestock and Global Change conference proceeding. May 2008, Tunisia. • Sidahmed, A. 2008. Livestock and Climate Change: Coping and Risk Management Strategies for a Sustainable Future. In Livestock and Global Climate Change conference proceeding, May 2008, Tunisia. • Thornton P., Herrero M., Freeman A., Mwai O., Rege E., Jones P., and McDermott J., 2008. “Vulnerability, Climate Change and Livestock – Research Opportunities and Challenges for Poverty Alleviation”. ILRI, Kenya.

  20. Thank you

More Related