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Reforming Society

Reforming Society. Chapter 8 Section 3. Reform Spirit. The reform movements of the mid-1800’s stemmed in large part from the revival of religious fervor (Second Great Awakening) Revivalist preached the power of individuals to improve themselves and their world

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Reforming Society

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  1. Reforming Society Chapter 8 Section 3

  2. Reform Spirit • The reform movements of the mid-1800’s stemmed in large part from the revival of religious fervor (Second Great Awakening) • Revivalist preached the power of individuals to improve themselves and their world • Lyman Beecher-believed that it was the nation’s citizens who would build a better nation • benevolent societies emerged • 1st Wanted to spread the word of God to nonbelievers and 2nd combat social problems

  3. Lyman Beecher

  4. Reform Spirit • Many of the reformers who made up the reform effort were women, most of whom were unmarried • Issues targeted by reform groups were excessive drinking, prisons, and education

  5. Temperance Movement • Alcohol= crime, poverty, and disorder • Alcoholism was widespread during the early 1800s • New reformers energized the temperance movement=forming of temperance groups • Preached the evils of alcohol • Formed American Temperance Union (1833) • Pushed for laws to prohibit the sale of liquor • Maine in 1851 passed 1st state prohibition law

  6. Temperance Movement

  7. Temperance Movement

  8. Prison Reforms • Reformers also considered ways to improve the prison system • Inmates= violent offenders, debtors, and mentally ill • By 1816, states began to provide new facilities which created a better environment for inmates • Main Prison reform=rehabilitating prisoners rather than just locking them up • Established discipline through rigorous work • new prisons= penitentiaries

  9. Educational Reform • In early 1800’s reformers pushed for a system of public education • Gov’t funded and opened to all citizens • Horace Mann- leader of public education movement (MA senator) • Passed bill creating a state board of education for Massachusetts • MA quickly became the model for the public school system in America

  10. Horace Mann

  11. School in the 1800’s

  12. Educational Reform • Calvin Wiley= Horace Mann of South (NC) • Provided government support to establish schools locally (through taxpayers) • By 1860, 2/3 of NC’s white children attended school part of the year • Only about 1/3 throughout the whole South • African American children were excluded almost entirely in the South

  13. Calvin Wiley

  14. Educational Reform • Women’s Education • Educating=only men • Women took advantage of the reform movement to create more opportunities for themselves • Emma Willard- founded a girls boarding school in Vermont • Consisted of cooking and etiquette, and academic subjects • Mary Lyon- opened 1st institution of higher education for women=Mount Holyoke Female Seminary • Elizabeth Blackwell- 1st woman to earn a medical degree in the U.S. or Europe • Founded the New York Infirmary for Women and Children=staffed entirely by women

  15. Emma Willard Elizabeth Blackwell

  16. The Early Women’s Movement • Read pg. 281 & 282 • Describe “True Womanhood” • Catherine Beecher- • Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady- • Seneca Fall Convention-

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