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TNM BLADDER CANCER STAGING

TNM BLADDER CANCER STAGING. Dr. Mahnaz Roayaei Radiation Oncologist Assistant Professor Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. AMERICAN JOINT COMMITTEE ON CANCER 2009 TNM BLADDER CANCER STAGING. PRIMARY TUMOR (T) REGIONAL LYMPH NODES(N) DISTANT METASTASIS (M).

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TNM BLADDER CANCER STAGING

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  1. TNM BLADDER CANCER STAGING Dr. MahnazRoayaei Radiation Oncologist Assistant Professor Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

  2. AMERICAN JOINT COMMITTEE ON CANCER 2009 TNM BLADDER CANCER STAGING • PRIMARY TUMOR (T) • REGIONAL LYMPH NODES(N) • DISTANT METASTASIS (M)

  3. The primary pathologic substages of the TNM staging system such as pT2a and pT2b, cannot be determined from TURBT specimens.

  4. Patients who have documented muscularispropria-invasive bladder cancer require an additional set of studies: • chest x-ray  • CT scan • liver function studies • Creatinine , and electrolytes • Bimanual examination • MRI lymphangiography • A prostatic urethra and bulbous urethra biopsy

  5. Tumor extends through the muscle to involve the full thicknessof the bladder and into the serosa

  6. CTS or MRI, are not reliable for staging. • Only, when they show unequivocal tumor extension outside the bladder

  7. Nonstromal invasive urothelial tumors of the prostate are not classified as T4, as the prognosis in this group is quite good

  8. REGIONAL LYMPH NODES

  9. N2 :Metastasis in multiple lymph nodes in primarydrainage region

  10. N3: Common iliac lymph node involvement

  11. DISTANT METASTASIS (M)

  12. Thanks for your attention Ref of photographs: Color Atlas by Dr.HamidEemami Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

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