Morphemes

1. Morphemes kumilad English 306A; Harris

2. Suffix A little Persian Morpheme {-i} English 306A; Harris

3. Suffix A little Persian Morpheme {-i} Noun Former English 306A; Harris

4. Suffix A little Persian Morpheme {-i} Noun Former Simplex Complex adjective —> [adjective-affix]noun Noun Noun Adjective Adjective Adj Af Adj Af English 306A; Harris

5. The unit • Phonetics: the phone. • Phonology: the phoneme. • Lexicology: the word. • Morphology: the morpheme. • Syntax: the sentence. • Semantics: the proposition. English 306A; Harris

6. morph + ology shape + talk English 306A; Harris

7. morph + ology shape + talk English 306A; Harris

8. The smallest signifier/signified bundles • {un-} Antonym former • {re-} Iterative former • {draw} Verb, to make representative marks • {-s} Third-singular-present agreement former • {-ing} Present-participle former English 306A; Harris

9. Homophony/PolysemyBut, … matching the signifiers and signifieds is not a piece of cake • {-ing} Present-participle former “Oriana is drawing the cat” • {-ing} Gerund former “Oriana’s drawing of the cat is beautiful.” • {-ing} Adjective former “Oriana’s drawing chalk is the white one” English 306A; Harris

10. SignifierSemasiology SignifiedOnomasiology Bound!Derivational! What type is {-i}? • Morpheme form free (= word) bound (= affix) • prefix • suffix • infix • circumfix • Morpheme function derivational • change meaning dramatically, and/or word category inflectional • never change category, and only change meaning very subtly Noun adjective Af xubi English 306A; Harris

11. New New Old Af Af Old oooa aooooo New Af Old ooaoo Old Af Old Af aooooa Affix rules • prefix oldcategory —> [affix-oldcategory]newcategory • suffix oldcategory —> [oldcategory-affix]newcategory • infix oldcategory —> [old-affix- category]newcategory • circumfix oldcategory —> [af-oldcategory-fix]newcategory English 306A; Harris

12. Affix rules • Prefix e.g. {un-} adjective —> [un-adjective ]adjective {anti-} adjective —> [anti-adjective ]adjective {anti-} noun —> [anti-noun ]noun • suffix {-er} verb —> [verb-er]noun {-ness} adjective —> [adjective-ness]noun {-ly} adjective —> [adjective-ly]adverb unattractive anti-racist anti-racism writer happiness quickly English 306A; Harris

13. CompoundsMorphological analysis Noun Adjective Noun blackboard English 306A; Harris

14. Free morphemeMorphological analysis Noun? Verb? Adjective? Adverb? Preposition? Determiner? Qualifier? Quantifier? Who cares? ? fly English 306A; Harris

15. Free morphemeMorphological analysis Noun fly English 306A; Harris

16. Free morphemeMorphological analysis Verb fly English 306A; Harris

17. Free morphemeMorphological analysis Adjective fly English 306A; Harris

18. Bound morpheme(necessarily, with a free one too)Morphological analysis ? ? Af flies English 306A; Harris

19. Bound morpheme(necessarily, with a free one too)Morphological analysis Noun Noun Af Plural flies English 306A; Harris

20. Bound morpheme(necessarily, with a free one too)Morphological analysis Verb Verb Af 3rd singularpresentagreement flies English 306A; Harris

21. Bound morpheme(necessarily, with a free one too)Morphological analysis Adjective Adjective Af flies English 306A; Harris

22. Free morphemeMorphological analysis Adjective Adjective Adjective Af Adjective Af flier fliest English 306A; Harris

23. Optionality optionality English 306A; Harris

24. Optionality Noun optionality English 306A; Harris

25. Af Optionality Noun Adj optionality English 306A; Harris

26. Af Optionality Noun Adj Noun Af optionality English 306A; Harris

27. Optionality Noun Adj Noun Verb Af Af Af optionality English 306A; Harris

28. Optionality Noun Adj Noun Verb Af Af Af optionality English 306A; Harris

29. Roots and stems stems optionality root English 306A; Harris

30. Ainu (Japan) English 306A; Harris

31. adjective —> [e-adjective]verb English 306A; Harris

32. Ainu (Japan) Verb Af Adjective e pirka English 306A; Harris

33. Bontoc (Philippines) • kumilad = he is becoming red • fumusul = he is becoming an enemy • fikas = strong • fumikas = he is becoming strong • fusul = enemy • bato = stone • bumato = he is becoming hard • kilad = red What’s he reading? English 306A; Harris

34. Bontoc (Philippines) • {-um-} third-person singular masculine inchoative verb-former kumilad = he is becoming red he, not I or you he, not they he, not she or it becoming is; state change English 306A; Harris

35. Verb Adjective Af Bontoc (Philippines) k um ilad English 306A; Harris

36. MorphophonologyZoque possessives English 306A; Harris

37. MorphophonologyZoque possessives English 306A; Harris

38. MorphophonologyZoque possessives English 306A; Harris

39. MorphologyZoque possessives • {-j- } • third-person • singular • masculine • possessive English 306A; Harris

40. MorphologyZoque possessives b j uRu English 306A; Harris

41. Noun Noun Af Morphologynoun —> [n-j-oun]noun b j uRu English 306A; Harris

42. MorphophonologyZoque possessives • {m-}, {n-}, {N-} • first-person • singular • possessive English 306A; Harris

43. MorphophonologyZoque possessives Noun Noun Noun Af Af Af Noun Noun Noun Assimilation in place of articulation n wakas m pama N kama English 306A; Harris

44. Chickasaw English 306A; Harris

45. Chickasaw • {-a}, {-i} • third-person • singular • affirmative • {ik- … -o} • third-person • singular • negative • Verb forms • chokm- • lakn- • pall- • tiww- English 306A; Harris

46. Verb Verb Af Af Chickasaw circumfix verb —> [ik-verb-o]verb iklakno English 306A; Harris

47. Af Af Circumfixes and suffixes/prefixes Noun Verb Adj Verb Af Adj Af iklakno postmodernism English 306A; Harris

48. Noun Verb Adj Af Verb Af Af Adj Af Circumfixes and suffixes/prefixes iklakno postmodernism English 306A; Harris

49. English “Circumfixes” • em-bold-en • en-light-en • ir-regard-less • a-work-in • a-turn-in • a-change-in English 306A; Harris

50. English “Infixes” English 306A; Harris