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An update on Transpacific cables

An update on Transpacific cables. DISCLAIMER. The content of this presentation does not reflect nor represent the opinion of America Online, Inc. Let’s keep it short, you know the standard stuff…. AGENDA v Introduction v Technology v New Cable Systems v Costs v Q&A. AGENDA

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An update on Transpacific cables

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  1. An update onTranspacific cables

  2. DISCLAIMER The content of this presentation does not reflect nor represent the opinion of America Online, Inc. Let’s keep it short, you know the standard stuff…..

  3. AGENDA v Introduction v Technology v New Cable Systems v Costs v Q&A

  4. AGENDA v Introduction v Technology v New Cable Systems v Costs v Q&A

  5. What happened? • From To • monopoly * free market • PTO owned * private • members only * IRU • WDM * DWDM • coast to coast * city to city • retail * wholesale

  6. AGENDA v Introduction v Technology v New Cable Systems v Costs v Q&A

  7. A little History The First cable to Asia, from the Red Sea to India was laid in 1859-1860 but never worked over its full length.First trans-Pacific telegraph cable was completed in 1902 between the United States and New Zealand.First Amplified telephone cable, TAT-1 was completed 1955. After two decades, the first fiber optic cable across the Pacific became operational (TPC-3, in 1988) Soon afterwards it was connected to the Hawaii-4 & Guam-Philippines-Taiwan (GPT) cables, thus completing the 1st digital links across the Pacific.

  8. Cables ALCATEL OALC4 - 17mm Cable

  9. State of the art cable ships TSSL’s C.S. Charles Brown

  10. Elements of a Submarine Cable System Cable Station Network Management Cable Land Section Branching Unit Optical & Transmission Equipment Beach Manhole Power Feed Equipment Repeater

  11. undersea cable burying, retrieval, and repair operations equipment TSSL’s Pacific SCARAB I ROV TSSL’s SCARAB IV ROV

  12. Repeaters 3 m • Do not regenerate, amplify • Erbium-doped fiber amplifier • Well adapted to WDM • Up to 8 fiber pairs • Direct monitoring

  13. Monitoring the Repeaters REPEATERS SPACING (d) HIGH LOSS LOOP-BACK MODULE Special modulated signal sent from line is looped-back at 1st repeater and return in time T. Signal from 2nd repeater will return in time T+DT Signal from 3rd repeater will return in time T+2DT DT= 2dn/c, where n=index of refraction and c=speed of light

  14. Repeaters spacing

  15. Typical restorable submarine cable system US Backhaul Asia/Pac Backhaul Subsea PoP PoP LS LS PoP LS PoP LS

  16. The WavelengtDivisionMultiplexing technology basics

  17. The WDM technology basics

  18. Single channel in a fiber

  19. WDM is the technique for sending several channels at different colours through the same fibre

  20. Multiple channels in a fiber

  21. Generic DWDM Architecture Digital SignalProcessing OT Mux #1 OA #2 To line STM-N #N TRANSMIT Digital SignalProcessing OR #1 OA OA DMUX + Chromatic DispersionCompensator #2 From line STM-N #N RECEIVE

  22. DWDM spectrum range 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.1 Single mode fiber 1530 to 1565 Loss (dB/Km) 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Wavelength (mm)

  23. DWDM Technology:Capacity Varies with Length: 480 400 320 Fiber pair capacity (Gbit/s) 240 160 80 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 11000 10000 12000 System Length (km)

  24. AGENDA v Introduction v Technology v New Cable Systems v Costs v Q&A

  25. Recently Activated Cables • China-US* • PC – 1* • SEA-ME-WE-3 • FLAG Europe-Asia Cable • Future Cables • Japan-US • Southern Cross • OXYGEN • Asia Pac Cable Network 2 • East Asia Cable • North Asia Cable • FLAG Pacific-1

  26. China-US RFCS Outlook: Active Type: Consortium S. KOREA Active JAPAN Pusan US Chikura Bandon, OR Okinawa San Luis Obispo, CA TAIWAN Fangshan 80 Gbps / 2XSTM-256 2.5 Gbps x 8 Wavelengths x 4 Fiber Pairs CHINA Chongming Shantou GUAM 16,000 Route miles

  27. PC - 1 No. Ring RFCS: In Service So. Ring RFCS: November 2000 Type: Private (Global Crossing) Initial 160 Gbps capacity, 2.5 Gbps (STM-16) x 8 Wavelengths x 4 fiber pairs (Upgradeable to 640 Gbps using DWDM technology) JAPAN US In Service Ajigaura Harbour Pointe, WA 640 Gbp/s SDH Ring Design Shima Grover Beach, CA November 2000 12,600 Route miles

  28. Branch Unit SEA-ME-WE 3 RFCS Outlook: Active Type: Consortium 20 Gbps (STM-128) 2.5 Gbps x 4 Wavelengths x 2 Fiber Pairs Submarine Cable Network S. KOREA JAPAN CHINA Keoje Okinawa Shanghai UK Shantou FRANCE TAIWAN HONG KONG PORTUGAL Taipei Deep Water Bay MORACCO Toucheng ITALY VIET NAM Fangshan Danang GREECE PHILIPPINES THAILAND CYPRUS Batangas Satun TURKEY EGYPT MALAYSIA Mersing SINGAPORE DJIBOUTI INDONESIA Tuss Jakarta U.A.E. Tungku PAKISTAN Medan SAUDI ARABIA OMAN Penang MYANMAR INDIA Pyayyypon Cochin Munbai

  29. Japan-US RFS: So Ring 2/01 No Ring 5/01 US Manchester, CA JAPAN Moro Bay / San Luis Obispo, CA Kita-Ibaraki Maruyama 640 Gbp/s SDH Ring 10 Gbps x16 Wavelengths x 4 Fiber Pairs Shima HAWAII Makaha Beach, Oahu 12,00 Route miles

  30. Branch Unit Southern Cross RFCS Outlook: November 2000 November 2000 USA HAWAII Nedonna, OR Kahe Point San Luis Obispo, CA Spencer Beach November 2000 160 Gbp/s SDH Ring Design FIJI January 2001 Suva November 2000 AUSTRALIA NEW ZEALAND 80 Gbp/s SDH Ring Design Belrose, Sidney Takapuna Rosebery, Sidney Whenuapal Backhaul & cable sys interface: STM-1

  31. JAPAN Misaki Chikura HAWAII ALASKA Honolulu Aleutians FLAG Pacific-1 RFCS Outlook: 2H02 Type: Private (FLAG Telecom) Repeatered Vancouver / Seattle Loop Repeatered CANADA Vancouver Is. 10 Gbps x 64 Wavelengths x 8 Fiber Pairs Tokyo / Yokahama Loop US Repeatered Washington Bay Area - North Bay Area - South Repeatered San Francisco / Los Angeles Loop Repeatered 22,000 Route miles Supplier is Alcatel

  32. 10 Gbps x 64 Wavelengths x 4 Fiber Pairs CHINA Shanghai S. Korea Shantou Pusan JAPAN Kitaibaraki Chikura HONG KONG TAIWAN Toucheua Lantau PHILIPINES 2.56 Tbp/s SDH Ring Design Batangas MALAYSIA SINGAPORE Kuan Tan Katoug ASIA PAC CABLE NETWORK 2 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  33. CABLES FACTS SUMMARY

  34. AGENDA v Introduction v Technology v New Cable Systems v Costs v Q&A

  35. CABLES PRICING MODELS • Up to spring 1998: Retail T1-E1, T3 • 1999: Wholesale T3/STM-1 available everywhere (IRU or Capital Lease + O&M) • 2000: Wholesale STM-4c available • 2002: Wavelength (2.5/10Gb) offering?

  36. CABLES PRICES EXAMPLES Cpacity between Tokyo and the West Coast

  37. CABLES PRICES SUMMARY O&M Charges are dropping drastically as well

  38. The Tug of War of the Cost of Cable For suppliers: The first system to connect bandwidth-starved points may capture sales at a much higher price than when the rest of the bandwidth barons (private or consortium) join in. For Buyers: The opposite strategy holds true: If you don’t like bandwidth prices now, wait a bit. They will likely change soon enough.

  39. Acknowledgements • Many thanks to: • v Tyco Submarine System • Genuity • Global Crossing • FLAG

  40. AGENDA v Introduction v Technology v New Cable Systems v Costs vQ&A

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